doc: add function argument order convention (#110060 )

* doc: add function argument order convention

Ordering by usage is the de facto ordering given to arguments. It's
logical, and makes finding argument usage easier. Putting lib first is
common in NixOS modules, so it's reasonable to mirror this in nixpkgs
proper. Additionally, it's not a package as such, has zero dependencies,
and can be found used anywhere in a derivation.

* doc: clean up usage of lib

2021-01-20 19:07:16 -05:00

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OCaml

OCaml libraries should be installed in $(out)/lib/ocaml/${ocaml.version}/site-lib/. Such directories are automatically added to the $OCAMLPATH environment variable when building another package that depends on them or when opening a nix-shell.

Given that most of the OCaml ecosystem is now built with dune, nixpkgs includes a convenience build support function called buildDunePackage that will build an OCaml package using dune, OCaml and findlib and any additional dependencies provided as buildInputs or propagatedBuildInputs.

Here is a simple package example. It defines an (optional) attribute minimumOCamlVersion that will be used to throw a descriptive evaluation error if building with an older OCaml is attempted. It uses the fetchFromGitHub fetcher to get its source. It sets the doCheck (optional) attribute to true which means that tests will be run with dune runtest -p angstrom after the build (dune build -p angstrom) is complete. It uses alcotest as a build input (because it is needed to run the tests) and bigstringaf and result as propagated build inputs (thus they will also be available to libraries depending on this library). The library will be installed using the angstrom.install file that dune generates.

{ lib
, fetchFromGitHub
, buildDunePackage
, alcotest
, result
, bigstringaf
}:

buildDunePackage rec {
  pname = "angstrom";
  version = "0.10.0";

  minimumOCamlVersion = "4.03";

  src = fetchFromGitHub {
    owner  = "inhabitedtype";
    repo   = pname;
    rev    = version;
    sha256 = "0lh6024yf9ds0nh9i93r9m6p5psi8nvrqxl5x7jwl13zb0r9xfpw";
  };

  buildInputs = [ alcotest ];
  propagatedBuildInputs = [ bigstringaf result ];
  doCheck = true;

  meta = with lib; {
    homepage = "https://github.com/inhabitedtype/angstrom";
    description = "OCaml parser combinators built for speed and memory efficiency";
    license = licenses.bsd3;
    maintainers = with maintainers; [ sternenseemann ];
  };
}

Here is a second example, this time using a source archive generated with dune-release. It is a good idea to use this archive when it is available as it will usually contain substituted variables such as a %%VERSION%% field. This library does not depend on any other OCaml library and no tests are run after building it.

{ lib
, fetchurl
, buildDunePackage
}:

buildDunePackage rec {
  pname = "wtf8";
  version = "1.0.1";

  minimumOCamlVersion = "4.01";

  src = fetchurl {
    url = "https://github.com/flowtype/ocaml-${pname}/releases/download/v${version}/${pname}-${version}.tbz";
    sha256 = "1msg3vycd3k8qqj61sc23qks541cxpb97vrnrvrhjnqxsqnh6ygq";
  };

  meta = with lib; {
    homepage = "https://github.com/flowtype/ocaml-wtf8";
    description = "WTF-8 is a superset of UTF-8 that allows unpaired surrogates.";
    license = licenses.mit;
    maintainers = [ maintainers.eqyiel ];
  };
}

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OCaml

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