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nixpkgs/nixos/doc/manual/development/sources.xml
Matthew Harm Bekkema a6c7132abc doc: change git:// links to https:// (#44395)
The server is not verified over the git:// transfer protocol. If you
clone a repository over git://, you should check if the latest commit's
hash is correct.

On the other hand, https:// will always verify the server automatically,
using certificate authorities.
2018-08-03 14:01:34 +01:00

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<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-getting-sources">
<title>Getting the Sources</title>
<para>
By default, NixOSs <command>nixos-rebuild</command> command uses the NixOS
and Nixpkgs sources provided by the <literal>nixos</literal> channel (kept in
<filename>/nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/root/channels/nixos</filename>). To
modify NixOS, however, you should check out the latest sources from Git. This
is as follows:
<screen>
$ git clone https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs
$ cd nixpkgs
$ git remote add channels https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs-channels
$ git remote update channels
</screen>
This will check out the latest Nixpkgs sources to
<filename>./nixpkgs</filename> the NixOS sources to
<filename>./nixpkgs/nixos</filename>. (The NixOS source tree lives in a
subdirectory of the Nixpkgs repository.) The remote
<literal>channels</literal> refers to a read-only repository that tracks the
Nixpkgs/NixOS channels (see <xref linkend="sec-upgrading"/> for more
information about channels). Thus, the Git branch
<literal>channels/nixos-17.03</literal> will contain the latest built and
tested version available in the <literal>nixos-17.03</literal> channel.
</para>
<para>
Its often inconvenient to develop directly on the master branch, since if
somebody has just committed (say) a change to GCC, then the binary cache may
not have caught up yet and youll have to rebuild everything from source.
So you may want to create a local branch based on your current NixOS version:
<screen>
$ nixos-version
17.09pre104379.6e0b727 (Hummingbird)
$ git checkout -b local 6e0b727
</screen>
Or, to base your local branch on the latest version available in a NixOS
channel:
<screen>
$ git remote update channels
$ git checkout -b local channels/nixos-17.03
</screen>
(Replace <literal>nixos-17.03</literal> with the name of the channel you want
to use.) You can use <command>git merge</command> or <command>git
rebase</command> to keep your local branch in sync with the channel, e.g.
<screen>
$ git remote update channels
$ git merge channels/nixos-17.03
</screen>
You can use <command>git cherry-pick</command> to copy commits from your
local branch to the upstream branch.
</para>
<para>
If you want to rebuild your system using your (modified) sources, you need to
tell <command>nixos-rebuild</command> about them using the
<option>-I</option> flag:
<screen>
# nixos-rebuild switch -I nixpkgs=<replaceable>/my/sources</replaceable>/nixpkgs
</screen>
</para>
<para>
If you want <command>nix-env</command> to use the expressions in
<replaceable>/my/sources</replaceable>, use <command>nix-env -f
<replaceable>/my/sources</replaceable>/nixpkgs</command>, or change the
default by adding a symlink in <filename>~/.nix-defexpr</filename>:
<screen>
$ ln -s <replaceable>/my/sources</replaceable>/nixpkgs ~/.nix-defexpr/nixpkgs
</screen>
You may want to delete the symlink
<filename>~/.nix-defexpr/channels_root</filename> to prevent roots NixOS
channel from clashing with your own tree (this may break the
command-not-found utility though). If you want to go back to the default
state, you may just remove the <filename>~/.nix-defexpr</filename> directory
completely, log out and log in again and it should have been recreated with a
link to the root channels.
</para>
<!-- FIXME: not sure what this means.
<para>You should not pass the base directory
<filename><replaceable>/my/sources</replaceable></filename>
to <command>nix-env</command>, as it will break after interpreting expressions
in <filename>nixos/</filename> as packages.</para>
-->
</chapter>