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91 lines
4.5 KiB
XML
91 lines
4.5 KiB
XML
<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
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xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
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xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
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version="5.0"
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xml:id="sec-imperative-containers">
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<title>Imperative Container Management</title>
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<para>
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We’ll cover imperative container management using <command>nixos-container</command> first. Be aware that container management is currently only possible as <literal>root</literal>.
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</para>
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<para>
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You create a container with identifier <literal>foo</literal> as follows:
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<screen>
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# nixos-container create foo
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</screen>
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This creates the container’s root directory in <filename>/var/lib/containers/foo</filename> and a small configuration file in <filename>/etc/containers/foo.conf</filename>. It also builds the container’s initial system configuration and stores it in <filename>/nix/var/nix/profiles/per-container/foo/system</filename>. You can modify the initial configuration of the container on the command line. For instance, to create a container that has <command>sshd</command> running, with the given public key for <literal>root</literal>:
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<screen>
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# nixos-container create foo --config '
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<xref linkend="opt-services.openssh.enable"/> = true;
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<link linkend="opt-users.users._name__.openssh.authorizedKeys.keys">users.users.root.openssh.authorizedKeys.keys</link> = ["ssh-dss AAAAB3N…"];
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'
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</screen>
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By default the next free address in the <literal>10.233.0.0/16</literal> subnet will be chosen as container IP. This behavior can be altered by setting <literal>--host-address</literal> and <literal>--local-address</literal>:
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<screen>
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# nixos-container create test --config-file test-container.nix \
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--local-address 10.235.1.2 --host-address 10.235.1.1
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</screen>
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</para>
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<para>
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Creating a container does not start it. To start the container, run:
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<screen>
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# nixos-container start foo
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</screen>
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This command will return as soon as the container has booted and has reached <literal>multi-user.target</literal>. On the host, the container runs within a systemd unit called <literal>container@<replaceable>container-name</replaceable>.service</literal>. Thus, if something went wrong, you can get status info using <command>systemctl</command>:
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<screen>
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# systemctl status container@foo
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</screen>
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</para>
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<para>
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If the container has started successfully, you can log in as root using the <command>root-login</command> operation:
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<screen>
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# nixos-container root-login foo
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[root@foo:~]#
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</screen>
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Note that only root on the host can do this (since there is no authentication). You can also get a regular login prompt using the <command>login</command> operation, which is available to all users on the host:
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<screen>
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# nixos-container login foo
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foo login: alice
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Password: ***
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</screen>
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With <command>nixos-container run</command>, you can execute arbitrary commands in the container:
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<screen>
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# nixos-container run foo -- uname -a
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Linux foo 3.4.82 #1-NixOS SMP Thu Mar 20 14:44:05 UTC 2014 x86_64 GNU/Linux
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</screen>
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</para>
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<para>
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There are several ways to change the configuration of the container. First, on the host, you can edit <literal>/var/lib/container/<replaceable>name</replaceable>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</literal>, and run
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<screen>
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# nixos-container update foo
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</screen>
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This will build and activate the new configuration. You can also specify a new configuration on the command line:
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<screen>
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# nixos-container update foo --config '
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<xref linkend="opt-services.httpd.enable"/> = true;
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<xref linkend="opt-services.httpd.adminAddr"/> = "foo@example.org";
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<xref linkend="opt-networking.firewall.allowedTCPPorts"/> = [ 80 ];
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'
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# curl http://$(nixos-container show-ip foo)/
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">…
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</screen>
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However, note that this will overwrite the container’s <filename>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename>.
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</para>
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<para>
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Alternatively, you can change the configuration from within the container itself by running <command>nixos-rebuild switch</command> inside the container. Note that the container by default does not have a copy of the NixOS channel, so you should run <command>nix-channel --update</command> first.
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</para>
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<para>
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Containers can be stopped and started using <literal>nixos-container stop</literal> and <literal>nixos-container start</literal>, respectively, or by using <command>systemctl</command> on the container’s service unit. To destroy a container, including its file system, do
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<screen>
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# nixos-container destroy foo
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</screen>
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</para>
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</section>
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