mirror of
https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs.git
synced 2024-12-25 03:17:13 +00:00
400 lines
14 KiB
XML
400 lines
14 KiB
XML
<refentry xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
|
||
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
|
||
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
|
||
|
||
<refmeta>
|
||
<refentrytitle><command>nixos-rebuild</command></refentrytitle>
|
||
<manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
|
||
<refmiscinfo class="source">NixOS</refmiscinfo>
|
||
<!-- <refmiscinfo class="version"><xi:include href="version.txt" parse="text"/></refmiscinfo> -->
|
||
</refmeta>
|
||
|
||
<refnamediv>
|
||
<refname><command>nixos-rebuild</command></refname>
|
||
<refpurpose>reconfigure a NixOS machine</refpurpose>
|
||
</refnamediv>
|
||
|
||
<refsynopsisdiv>
|
||
<cmdsynopsis>
|
||
<command>nixos-rebuild</command>
|
||
<group choice='req'>
|
||
<arg choice='plain'><option>switch</option></arg>
|
||
<arg choice='plain'><option>boot</option></arg>
|
||
<arg choice='plain'><option>test</option></arg>
|
||
<arg choice='plain'><option>build</option></arg>
|
||
<arg choice='plain'><option>dry-build</option></arg>
|
||
<arg choice='plain'><option>dry-activate</option></arg>
|
||
<arg choice='plain'><option>build-vm</option></arg>
|
||
<arg choice='plain'><option>build-vm-with-bootloader</option></arg>
|
||
</group>
|
||
<sbr />
|
||
<arg><option>--upgrade</option></arg>
|
||
<arg><option>--install-bootloader</option></arg>
|
||
<arg><option>--no-build-nix</option></arg>
|
||
<arg><option>--fast</option></arg>
|
||
<arg><option>--rollback</option></arg>
|
||
<sbr />
|
||
<arg>
|
||
<group choice='req'>
|
||
<arg choice='plain'><option>--profile-name</option></arg>
|
||
<arg choice='plain'><option>-p</option></arg>
|
||
</group>
|
||
<replaceable>name</replaceable>
|
||
</arg>
|
||
<sbr />
|
||
<arg><option>--show-trace</option></arg>
|
||
</cmdsynopsis>
|
||
</refsynopsisdiv>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<refsection><title>Description</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>This command updates the system so that it corresponds to the
|
||
configuration specified in
|
||
<filename>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename>. Thus, every time
|
||
you modify <filename>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename> or any
|
||
NixOS module, you must run <command>nixos-rebuild</command> to make
|
||
the changes take effect. It builds the new system in
|
||
<filename>/nix/store</filename>, runs its activation script, and stop
|
||
and (re)starts any system services if needed.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>This command has one required argument, which specifies the
|
||
desired operation. It must be one of the following:
|
||
|
||
<variablelist>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>switch</option></term>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Build and activate the new configuration, and make it the
|
||
boot default. That is, the configuration is added to the GRUB
|
||
boot menu as the default menu entry, so that subsequent reboots
|
||
will boot the system into the new configuration. Previous
|
||
configurations activated with <command>nixos-rebuild
|
||
switch</command> or <command>nixos-rebuild boot</command> remain
|
||
available in the GRUB menu.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>boot</option></term>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Build the new configuration and make it the boot default
|
||
(as with <command>nixos-rebuild switch</command>), but do not
|
||
activate it. That is, the system continues to run the previous
|
||
configuration until the next reboot.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>test</option></term>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Build and activate the new configuration, but do not add
|
||
it to the GRUB boot menu. Thus, if you reboot the system (or if
|
||
it crashes), you will automatically revert to the default
|
||
configuration (i.e. the configuration resulting from the last
|
||
call to <command>nixos-rebuild switch</command> or
|
||
<command>nixos-rebuild boot</command>).</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>build</option></term>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Build the new configuration, but neither activate it nor
|
||
add it to the GRUB boot menu. It leaves a symlink named
|
||
<filename>result</filename> in the current directory, which
|
||
points to the output of the top-level “system” derivation. This
|
||
is essentially the same as doing
|
||
<screen>
|
||
$ nix-build /path/to/nixpkgs/nixos -A system
|
||
</screen>
|
||
Note that you do not need to be <literal>root</literal> to run
|
||
<command>nixos-rebuild build</command>.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>dry-build</option></term>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Show what store paths would be built or downloaded by any
|
||
of the operations above, but otherwise do nothing.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>dry-activate</option></term>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Build the new configuration, but instead of activating it,
|
||
show what changes would be performed by the activation (i.e. by
|
||
<command>nixos-rebuild test</command>). For
|
||
instance, this command will print which systemd units would be
|
||
restarted. The list of changes is not guaranteed to be
|
||
complete.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>build-vm</option></term>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Build a script that starts a NixOS virtual machine with
|
||
the desired configuration. It leaves a symlink
|
||
<filename>result</filename> in the current directory that points
|
||
(under
|
||
<filename>result/bin/run-<replaceable>hostname</replaceable>-vm</filename>)
|
||
at the script that starts the VM. Thus, to test a NixOS
|
||
configuration in a virtual machine, you should do the following:
|
||
<screen>
|
||
$ nixos-rebuild build-vm
|
||
$ ./result/bin/run-*-vm
|
||
</screen></para>
|
||
|
||
<para>The VM is implemented using the <literal>qemu</literal>
|
||
package. For best performance, you should load the
|
||
<literal>kvm-intel</literal> or <literal>kvm-amd</literal>
|
||
kernel modules to get hardware virtualisation.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>The VM mounts the Nix store of the host through the 9P
|
||
file system. The host Nix store is read-only, so Nix commands
|
||
that modify the Nix store will not work in the VM. This
|
||
includes commands such as <command>nixos-rebuild</command>; to
|
||
change the VM’s configuration, you must halt the VM and re-run
|
||
the commands above.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>The VM has its own <literal>ext3</literal> root file
|
||
system, which is automatically created when the VM is first
|
||
started, and is persistent across reboots of the VM. It is
|
||
stored in
|
||
<literal>./<replaceable>hostname</replaceable>.qcow2</literal>.
|
||
<!-- The entire file system hierarchy of the host is available in
|
||
the VM under <filename>/hostfs</filename>.--></para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>build-vm-with-bootloader</option></term>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Like <option>build-vm</option>, but boots using the
|
||
regular boot loader of your configuration (e.g., GRUB 1 or 2),
|
||
rather than booting directly into the kernel and initial ramdisk
|
||
of the system. This allows you to test whether the boot loader
|
||
works correctly. However, it does not guarantee that your NixOS
|
||
configuration will boot successfully on the host hardware (i.e.,
|
||
after running <command>nixos-rebuild switch</command>), because
|
||
the hardware and boot loader configuration in the VM are
|
||
different. The boot loader is installed on an automatically
|
||
generated virtual disk containing a <filename>/boot</filename>
|
||
partition, which is mounted read-only in the VM.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
</variablelist>
|
||
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</refsection>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<refsection><title>Options</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>This command accepts the following options:</para>
|
||
|
||
<variablelist>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>--upgrade</option></term>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Fetch the latest version of NixOS from the NixOS
|
||
channel.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>--install-bootloader</option></term>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Causes the boot loader to be (re)installed on the
|
||
device specified by the relevant configuration options.
|
||
</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>--no-build-nix</option></term>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Normally, <command>nixos-rebuild</command> first builds
|
||
the <varname>nixUnstable</varname> attribute in Nixpkgs, and
|
||
uses the resulting instance of the Nix package manager to build
|
||
the new system configuration. This is necessary if the NixOS
|
||
modules use features not provided by the currently installed
|
||
version of Nix. This option disables building a new Nix.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>--fast</option></term>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Equivalent to <option>--no-build-nix</option>
|
||
<option>--show-trace</option>. This option is useful if you
|
||
call <command>nixos-rebuild</command> frequently (e.g. if you’re
|
||
hacking on a NixOS module).</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>--rollback</option></term>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Instead of building a new configuration as specified by
|
||
<filename>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename>, roll back to
|
||
the previous configuration. (The previous configuration is
|
||
defined as the one before the “current” generation of the
|
||
Nix profile <filename>/nix/var/nix/profiles/system</filename>.)</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>--profile-name</option></term>
|
||
<term><option>-p</option></term>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Instead of using the Nix profile
|
||
<filename>/nix/var/nix/profiles/system</filename> to keep track
|
||
of the current and previous system configurations, use
|
||
<filename>/nix/var/nix/profiles/system-profiles/<replaceable>name</replaceable></filename>.
|
||
When you use GRUB 2, for every system profile created with this
|
||
flag, NixOS will create a submenu named “NixOS - Profile
|
||
'<replaceable>name</replaceable>'” in GRUB’s boot menu,
|
||
containing the current and previous configurations of this
|
||
profile.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>For instance, if you want to test a configuration file
|
||
named <filename>test.nix</filename> without affecting the
|
||
default system profile, you would do:
|
||
|
||
<screen>
|
||
$ nixos-rebuild switch -p test -I nixos-config=./test.nix
|
||
</screen>
|
||
|
||
The new configuration will appear in the GRUB 2 submenu “NixOS - Profile
|
||
'test'”.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>--build-host</option></term>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Instead of building the new configuration locally, use the
|
||
specified host to perform the build. The host needs to be accessible
|
||
with ssh, and must be able to perform Nix builds. If the option
|
||
<option>--target-host</option> is not set, the build will be copied back
|
||
to the local machine when done.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Note that, if <option>--no-build-nix</option> is not specified,
|
||
Nix will be built both locally and remotely. This is because the
|
||
configuration will always be evaluated locally even though the building
|
||
might be performed remotely.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>You can include a remote user name in
|
||
the host name (<replaceable>user@host</replaceable>). You can also set
|
||
ssh options by defining the <envar>NIX_SSHOPTS</envar> environment
|
||
variable.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>--target-host</option></term>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Specifies the NixOS target host. By setting this to something other
|
||
than <replaceable>localhost</replaceable>, the system activation will
|
||
happen on the remote host instead of the local machine. The remote host
|
||
needs to be accessible over ssh, and for the commands
|
||
<option>switch</option>, <option>boot</option> and <option>test</option>
|
||
you need root access.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>If <option>--build-host</option> is not explicitly
|
||
specified, <option>--build-host</option> will implicitly be set to the
|
||
same value as <option>--target-host</option>. So, if you only specify
|
||
<option>--target-host</option> both building and activation will take
|
||
place remotely (and no build artifacts will be copied to the local
|
||
machine).</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>You can include a remote user name in
|
||
the host name (<replaceable>user@host</replaceable>). You can also set
|
||
ssh options by defining the <envar>NIX_SSHOPTS</envar> environment
|
||
variable.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
</variablelist>
|
||
|
||
<para>In addition, <command>nixos-rebuild</command> accepts various
|
||
Nix-related flags, including <option>--max-jobs</option> /
|
||
<option>-j</option>, <option>--show-trace</option>,
|
||
<option>--keep-failed</option>, <option>--keep-going</option> and
|
||
<option>--verbose</option> / <option>-v</option>. See
|
||
the Nix manual for details.</para>
|
||
|
||
</refsection>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<refsection><title>Environment</title>
|
||
|
||
<variablelist>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><envar>NIXOS_CONFIG</envar></term>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Path to the main NixOS configuration module. Defaults to
|
||
<filename>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename>.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry><term><envar>NIX_SSHOPTS</envar></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Additional options to be passed to
|
||
<command>ssh</command> on the command line.</para></listitem>
|
||
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
</variablelist>
|
||
|
||
</refsection>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<refsection><title>Files</title>
|
||
|
||
<variablelist>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><filename>/run/current-system</filename></term>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>A symlink to the currently active system configuration in
|
||
the Nix store.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><filename>/nix/var/nix/profiles/system</filename></term>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>The Nix profile that contains the current and previous
|
||
system configurations. Used to generate the GRUB boot
|
||
menu.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
</variablelist>
|
||
|
||
</refsection>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<refsection><title>Bugs</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>This command should be renamed to something more
|
||
descriptive.</para>
|
||
|
||
</refsection>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</refentry>
|