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nixpkgs/nixos/modules/system/boot/luksroot.nix
Jan Malakhovski a9d69a74d6 nixos: initrd/luks: change passphrases handling
Also reuse common cryptsetup invocation subexpressions.

- Passphrase reading is done via the shell now, not by cryptsetup.
  This way the same passphrase can be reused between cryptsetup
  invocations, which this module now tries to do by default (can be
  disabled).
- Number of retries is now infinity, it makes no sense to make users
  reboot when they fail to type in their passphrase.
2018-08-08 02:47:47 +00:00

624 lines
21 KiB
Nix

{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
with lib;
let
luks = config.boot.initrd.luks;
commonFunctions = ''
die() {
echo "$@" >&2
exit 1
}
wait_target() {
local name="$1"
local target="$2"
local secs="''${3:-10}"
local desc="''${4:-$name $target to appear}"
if [ ! -e $target ]; then
echo -n "Waiting $secs seconds for $desc..."
local success=false;
for try in $(seq $secs); do
echo -n "."
sleep 1
if [ -e $target ]; then
success=true
break
fi
done
if [ $success == true ]; then
echo " - success";
return 0
else
echo " - failure";
return 1
fi
fi
return 0
}
wait_yubikey() {
local secs="''${1:-10}"
ykinfo -v 1>/dev/null 2>&1
if [ $? != 0 ]; then
echo -n "Waiting $secs seconds for Yubikey to appear..."
local success=false
for try in $(seq $secs); do
echo -n .
sleep 1
ykinfo -v 1>/dev/null 2>&1
if [ $? == 0 ]; then
success=true
break
fi
done
if [ $success == true ]; then
echo " - success";
return 0
else
echo " - failure";
return 1
fi
fi
return 0
}
'';
preCommands = ''
# A place to store crypto things
# A ramfs is used here to ensure that the file used to update
# the key slot with cryptsetup will never get swapped out.
# Warning: Do NOT replace with tmpfs!
mkdir -p /crypt-ramfs
mount -t ramfs none /crypt-ramfs
'';
postCommands = ''
umount /crypt-ramfs 2>/dev/null
'';
openCommand = name': { name, device, header, keyFile, keyFileSize, keyFileOffset, allowDiscards, yubikey, fallbackToPassword, ... }: assert name' == name;
let
csopen = "cryptsetup luksOpen ${device} ${name} ${optionalString allowDiscards "--allow-discards"} ${optionalString (header != null) "--header=${header}"}";
cschange = "cryptsetup luksChangeKey ${device} ${optionalString (header != null) "--header=${header}"}";
in ''
# Wait for luksRoot (and optionally keyFile and/or header) to appear, e.g.
# if on a USB drive.
wait_target "device" ${device} || die "${device} is unavailable"
${optionalString (header != null) ''
wait_target "header" ${header} || die "${header} is unavailable"
''}
do_open_passphrase() {
local passphrase
while true; do
echo -n "Passphrase for ${device}: "
passphrase=
while true; do
if [ -e /crypt-ramfs/passphrase ]; then
echo "reused"
passphrase=$(cat /crypt-ramfs/passphrase)
break
else
# ask cryptsetup-askpass
echo -n "${device}" > /crypt-ramfs/device
# and try reading it from /dev/console
IFS= read -t 1 -rs passphrase
if [ -n "$passphrase" ]; then
${if luks.reusePassphrases then ''
# remember it for the next device
echo -n "$passphrase" > /crypt-ramfs/passphrase
'' else ''
# Don't save it to ramfs. We are very paranoid
''}
echo
break
fi
fi
done
echo -n "Verifiying passphrase for ${device}..."
echo -n "$passphrase" | ${csopen} --key-file=-
if [ $? == 0 ]; then
echo " - success"
${if luks.reusePassphrases then ''
# we don't rm here because we might reuse it for the next device
'' else ''
rm -f /crypt-ramfs/passphrase
''}
break
else
echo " - failure"
# ask for a different one
rm -f /crypt-ramfs/passphrase
fi
done
}
# LUKS
open_normally() {
${if (keyFile != null) then ''
if wait_target "key file" ${keyFile}; then
${csopen} --key-file=${keyFile} \
${optionalString (keyFileSize != null) "--keyfile-size=${toString keyFileSize}"} \
${optionalString (keyFileOffset != null) "--keyfile-offset=${toString keyFileOffset}"}
else
${if fallbackToPassword then "echo" else "die"} "${keyFile} is unavailable"
echo " - failing back to interactive password prompt"
do_open_passphrase
fi
'' else ''
do_open_passphrase
''}
}
${if luks.yubikeySupport && (yubikey != null) then ''
# Yubikey
rbtohex() {
( od -An -vtx1 | tr -d ' \n' )
}
hextorb() {
( tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]' | sed -e 's/\([0-9A-F]\{2\}\)/\\\\\\x\1/gI' | xargs printf )
}
do_open_yubikey() {
# Make all of these local to this function
# to prevent their values being leaked
local salt
local iterations
local k_user
local challenge
local response
local k_luks
local opened
local new_salt
local new_iterations
local new_challenge
local new_response
local new_k_luks
mkdir -p ${yubikey.storage.mountPoint}
mount -t ${yubikey.storage.fsType} ${toString yubikey.storage.device} ${yubikey.storage.mountPoint}
salt="$(cat ${yubikey.storage.mountPoint}${yubikey.storage.path} | sed -n 1p | tr -d '\n')"
iterations="$(cat ${yubikey.storage.mountPoint}${yubikey.storage.path} | sed -n 2p | tr -d '\n')"
challenge="$(echo -n $salt | openssl-wrap dgst -binary -sha512 | rbtohex)"
response="$(ykchalresp -${toString yubikey.slot} -x $challenge 2>/dev/null)"
for try in $(seq 3); do
${optionalString yubikey.twoFactor ''
echo -n "Enter two-factor passphrase: "
read -rs k_user
echo
''}
if [ ! -z "$k_user" ]; then
k_luks="$(echo -n $k_user | pbkdf2-sha512 ${toString yubikey.keyLength} $iterations $response | rbtohex)"
else
k_luks="$(echo | pbkdf2-sha512 ${toString yubikey.keyLength} $iterations $response | rbtohex)"
fi
echo -n "$k_luks" | hextorb | ${csopen} --key-file=-
if [ $? == 0 ]; then
opened=true
break
else
opened=false
echo "Authentication failed!"
fi
done
if [ "$opened" == false ]; then
umount ${yubikey.storage.mountPoint}
die "Maximum authentication errors reached"
fi
echo -n "Gathering entropy for new salt (please enter random keys to generate entropy if this blocks for long)..."
for i in $(seq ${toString yubikey.saltLength}); do
byte="$(dd if=/dev/random bs=1 count=1 2>/dev/null | rbtohex)";
new_salt="$new_salt$byte";
echo -n .
done;
echo "ok"
new_iterations="$iterations"
${optionalString (yubikey.iterationStep > 0) ''
new_iterations="$(($new_iterations + ${toString yubikey.iterationStep}))"
''}
new_challenge="$(echo -n $new_salt | openssl-wrap dgst -binary -sha512 | rbtohex)"
new_response="$(ykchalresp -${toString yubikey.slot} -x $new_challenge 2>/dev/null)"
if [ ! -z "$k_user" ]; then
new_k_luks="$(echo -n $k_user | pbkdf2-sha512 ${toString yubikey.keyLength} $new_iterations $new_response | rbtohex)"
else
new_k_luks="$(echo | pbkdf2-sha512 ${toString yubikey.keyLength} $new_iterations $new_response | rbtohex)"
fi
mkdir -p ${yubikey.ramfsMountPoint}
# A ramfs is used here to ensure that the file used to update
# the key slot with cryptsetup will never get swapped out.
# Warning: Do NOT replace with tmpfs!
mount -t ramfs none ${yubikey.ramfsMountPoint}
echo -n "$new_k_luks" | hextorb > ${yubikey.ramfsMountPoint}/new_key
echo -n "$k_luks" | hextorb | ${cschange} --key-file=- ${yubikey.ramfsMountPoint}/new_key
if [ $? == 0 ]; then
echo -ne "$new_salt\n$new_iterations" > ${yubikey.storage.mountPoint}${yubikey.storage.path}
else
echo "Warning: Could not update LUKS key, current challenge persists!"
fi
rm -f ${yubikey.ramfsMountPoint}/new_key
umount ${yubikey.ramfsMountPoint}
rm -rf ${yubikey.ramfsMountPoint}
umount ${yubikey.storage.mountPoint}
}
open_yubikey() {
if wait_yubikey ${toString yubikey.gracePeriod}; then
do_open_yubikey
else
echo "No yubikey found, falling back to non-yubikey open procedure"
open_normally
fi
}
open_yubikey
'' else ''
open_normally
''}
'';
askPass = pkgs.writeScriptBin "cryptsetup-askpass" ''
#!/bin/sh
${commonFunctions}
while true; do
wait_target "luks" /crypt-ramfs/device 10 "LUKS to request a passphrase" || die "Passphrase is not requested now"
device=$(cat /crypt-ramfs/device)
echo -n "Passphrase for $device: "
IFS= read -rs passphrase
echo
rm /crypt-ramfs/device
echo -n "$passphrase" > /crypt-ramfs/passphrase
done
'';
preLVM = filterAttrs (n: v: v.preLVM) luks.devices;
postLVM = filterAttrs (n: v: !v.preLVM) luks.devices;
in
{
options = {
boot.initrd.luks.mitigateDMAAttacks = mkOption {
type = types.bool;
default = true;
description = ''
Unless enabled, encryption keys can be easily recovered by an attacker with physical
access to any machine with PCMCIA, ExpressCard, ThunderBolt or FireWire port.
More information is available at <link xlink:href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DMA_attack"/>.
This option blacklists FireWire drivers, but doesn't remove them. You can manually
load the drivers if you need to use a FireWire device, but don't forget to unload them!
'';
};
boot.initrd.luks.cryptoModules = mkOption {
type = types.listOf types.str;
default =
[ "aes" "aes_generic" "blowfish" "twofish"
"serpent" "cbc" "xts" "lrw" "sha1" "sha256" "sha512"
(if pkgs.stdenv.system == "x86_64-linux" then "aes_x86_64" else "aes_i586")
];
description = ''
A list of cryptographic kernel modules needed to decrypt the root device(s).
The default includes all common modules.
'';
};
boot.initrd.luks.forceLuksSupportInInitrd = mkOption {
type = types.bool;
default = false;
internal = true;
description = ''
Whether to configure luks support in the initrd, when no luks
devices are configured.
'';
};
boot.initrd.luks.reusePassphrases = mkOption {
type = types.bool;
default = true;
description = ''
When opening a new LUKS device try reusing last successful
passphrase.
Useful for mounting a number of devices that use the same
passphrase without retyping it several times.
Such setup can be useful if you use <command>cryptsetup
luksSuspend</command>. Different LUKS devices will still have
different master keys even when using the same passphrase.
'';
};
boot.initrd.luks.devices = mkOption {
default = { };
example = { "luksroot".device = "/dev/disk/by-uuid/430e9eff-d852-4f68-aa3b-2fa3599ebe08"; };
description = ''
The encrypted disk that should be opened before the root
filesystem is mounted. Both LVM-over-LUKS and LUKS-over-LVM
setups are supported. The unencrypted devices can be accessed as
<filename>/dev/mapper/<replaceable>name</replaceable></filename>.
'';
type = with types; loaOf (submodule (
{ name, ... }: { options = {
name = mkOption {
visible = false;
default = name;
example = "luksroot";
type = types.str;
description = "Name of the unencrypted device in <filename>/dev/mapper</filename>.";
};
device = mkOption {
example = "/dev/disk/by-uuid/430e9eff-d852-4f68-aa3b-2fa3599ebe08";
type = types.str;
description = "Path of the underlying encrypted block device.";
};
header = mkOption {
default = null;
example = "/root/header.img";
type = types.nullOr types.str;
description = ''
The name of the file or block device that
should be used as header for the encrypted device.
'';
};
keyFile = mkOption {
default = null;
example = "/dev/sdb1";
type = types.nullOr types.str;
description = ''
The name of the file (can be a raw device or a partition) that
should be used as the decryption key for the encrypted device. If
not specified, you will be prompted for a passphrase instead.
'';
};
keyFileSize = mkOption {
default = null;
example = 4096;
type = types.nullOr types.int;
description = ''
The size of the key file. Use this if only the beginning of the
key file should be used as a key (often the case if a raw device
or partition is used as key file). If not specified, the whole
<literal>keyFile</literal> will be used decryption, instead of just
the first <literal>keyFileSize</literal> bytes.
'';
};
keyFileOffset = mkOption {
default = null;
example = 4096;
type = types.nullOr types.int;
description = ''
The offset of the key file. Use this in combination with
<literal>keyFileSize</literal> to use part of a file as key file
(often the case if a raw device or partition is used as a key file).
If not specified, the key begins at the first byte of
<literal>keyFile</literal>.
'';
};
# FIXME: get rid of this option.
preLVM = mkOption {
default = true;
type = types.bool;
description = "Whether the luksOpen will be attempted before LVM scan or after it.";
};
allowDiscards = mkOption {
default = false;
type = types.bool;
description = ''
Whether to allow TRIM requests to the underlying device. This option
has security implications; please read the LUKS documentation before
activating it.
'';
};
fallbackToPassword = mkOption {
default = false;
type = types.bool;
description = ''
Whether to fallback to interactive passphrase prompt if the keyfile
cannot be found. This will prevent unattended boot should the keyfile
go missing.
'';
};
yubikey = mkOption {
default = null;
description = ''
The options to use for this LUKS device in Yubikey-PBA.
If null (the default), Yubikey-PBA will be disabled for this device.
'';
type = with types; nullOr (submodule {
options = {
twoFactor = mkOption {
default = true;
type = types.bool;
description = "Whether to use a passphrase and a Yubikey (true), or only a Yubikey (false).";
};
slot = mkOption {
default = 2;
type = types.int;
description = "Which slot on the Yubikey to challenge.";
};
saltLength = mkOption {
default = 16;
type = types.int;
description = "Length of the new salt in byte (64 is the effective maximum).";
};
keyLength = mkOption {
default = 64;
type = types.int;
description = "Length of the LUKS slot key derived with PBKDF2 in byte.";
};
iterationStep = mkOption {
default = 0;
type = types.int;
description = "How much the iteration count for PBKDF2 is increased at each successful authentication.";
};
gracePeriod = mkOption {
default = 10;
type = types.int;
description = "Time in seconds to wait for the Yubikey.";
};
ramfsMountPoint = mkOption {
default = "/crypt-ramfs";
type = types.str;
description = "Path where the ramfs used to update the LUKS key will be mounted during early boot.";
};
/* TODO: Add to the documentation of the current module:
Options related to the storing the salt.
*/
storage = {
device = mkOption {
default = "/dev/sda1";
type = types.path;
description = ''
An unencrypted device that will temporarily be mounted in stage-1.
Must contain the current salt to create the challenge for this LUKS device.
'';
};
fsType = mkOption {
default = "vfat";
type = types.str;
description = "The filesystem of the unencrypted device.";
};
mountPoint = mkOption {
default = "/crypt-storage";
type = types.str;
description = "Path where the unencrypted device will be mounted during early boot.";
};
path = mkOption {
default = "/crypt-storage/default";
type = types.str;
description = ''
Absolute path of the salt on the unencrypted device with
that device's root directory as "/".
'';
};
};
};
});
};
}; }));
};
boot.initrd.luks.yubikeySupport = mkOption {
default = false;
type = types.bool;
description = ''
Enables support for authenticating with a Yubikey on LUKS devices.
See the NixOS wiki for information on how to properly setup a LUKS device
and a Yubikey to work with this feature.
'';
};
};
config = mkIf (luks.devices != {} || luks.forceLuksSupportInInitrd) {
# actually, sbp2 driver is the one enabling the DMA attack, but this needs to be tested
boot.blacklistedKernelModules = optionals luks.mitigateDMAAttacks
["firewire_ohci" "firewire_core" "firewire_sbp2"];
# Some modules that may be needed for mounting anything ciphered
boot.initrd.availableKernelModules = [ "dm_mod" "dm_crypt" "cryptd" "input_leds" ]
++ luks.cryptoModules
# workaround until https://marc.info/?l=linux-crypto-vger&m=148783562211457&w=4 is merged
# remove once 'modprobe --show-depends xts' shows ecb as a dependency
++ (if builtins.elem "xts" luks.cryptoModules then ["ecb"] else []);
# copy the cryptsetup binary and it's dependencies
boot.initrd.extraUtilsCommands = ''
copy_bin_and_libs ${pkgs.cryptsetup}/bin/cryptsetup
copy_bin_and_libs ${askPass}/bin/cryptsetup-askpass
sed -i s,/bin/sh,$out/bin/sh, $out/bin/cryptsetup-askpass
${optionalString luks.yubikeySupport ''
copy_bin_and_libs ${pkgs.yubikey-personalization}/bin/ykchalresp
copy_bin_and_libs ${pkgs.yubikey-personalization}/bin/ykinfo
copy_bin_and_libs ${pkgs.openssl.bin}/bin/openssl
cc -O3 -I${pkgs.openssl.dev}/include -L${pkgs.openssl.out}/lib ${./pbkdf2-sha512.c} -o pbkdf2-sha512 -lcrypto
strip -s pbkdf2-sha512
copy_bin_and_libs pbkdf2-sha512
mkdir -p $out/etc/ssl
cp -pdv ${pkgs.openssl.out}/etc/ssl/openssl.cnf $out/etc/ssl
cat > $out/bin/openssl-wrap <<EOF
#!$out/bin/sh
export OPENSSL_CONF=$out/etc/ssl/openssl.cnf
$out/bin/openssl "\$@"
EOF
chmod +x $out/bin/openssl-wrap
''}
'';
boot.initrd.extraUtilsCommandsTest = ''
$out/bin/cryptsetup --version
${optionalString luks.yubikeySupport ''
$out/bin/ykchalresp -V
$out/bin/ykinfo -V
$out/bin/openssl-wrap version
''}
'';
boot.initrd.preFailCommands = postCommands;
boot.initrd.preLVMCommands = commonFunctions + preCommands + concatStrings (mapAttrsToList openCommand preLVM) + postCommands;
boot.initrd.postDeviceCommands = commonFunctions + preCommands + concatStrings (mapAttrsToList openCommand postLVM) + postCommands;
environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.cryptsetup ];
};
}