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nixpkgs/doc/functions/overrides.xml
John Ericson b71389aefb
Merge pull request #47430 from roberth/nixpkgs-extend
pkgs.extend for adding overlays
2018-10-23 20:21:48 -04:00

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<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
xml:id="sec-overrides">
<title>Overriding</title>
<para>
Sometimes one wants to override parts of <literal>nixpkgs</literal>, e.g.
derivation attributes, the results of derivations.
</para>
<para>
These functions are used to make changes to packages, returning only single
packages. <link xlink:href="#chap-overlays">Overlays</link>, on the other
hand, can be used to combine the overridden packages across the entire
package set of Nixpkgs.
</para>
<section xml:id="sec-pkg-override">
<title>&lt;pkg&gt;.override</title>
<para>
The function <varname>override</varname> is usually available for all the
derivations in the nixpkgs expression (<varname>pkgs</varname>).
</para>
<para>
It is used to override the arguments passed to a function.
</para>
<para>
Example usages:
<programlisting>pkgs.foo.override { arg1 = val1; arg2 = val2; ... }</programlisting>
<!-- TODO: move below programlisting to a new section about extending and overlays
and reference it
-->
<programlisting>
import pkgs.path { overlays = [ (self: super: {
foo = super.foo.override { barSupport = true ; };
})]};
</programlisting>
<programlisting>
mypkg = pkgs.callPackage ./mypkg.nix {
mydep = pkgs.mydep.override { ... };
}
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
In the first example, <varname>pkgs.foo</varname> is the result of a
function call with some default arguments, usually a derivation. Using
<varname>pkgs.foo.override</varname> will call the same function with the
given new arguments.
</para>
</section>
<section xml:id="sec-pkg-overrideAttrs">
<title>&lt;pkg&gt;.overrideAttrs</title>
<para>
The function <varname>overrideAttrs</varname> allows overriding the
attribute set passed to a <varname>stdenv.mkDerivation</varname> call,
producing a new derivation based on the original one. This function is
available on all derivations produced by the
<varname>stdenv.mkDerivation</varname> function, which is most packages in
the nixpkgs expression <varname>pkgs</varname>.
</para>
<para>
Example usage:
<programlisting>
helloWithDebug = pkgs.hello.overrideAttrs (oldAttrs: rec {
separateDebugInfo = true;
});
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
In the above example, the <varname>separateDebugInfo</varname> attribute is
overridden to be true, thus building debug info for
<varname>helloWithDebug</varname>, while all other attributes will be
retained from the original <varname>hello</varname> package.
</para>
<para>
The argument <varname>oldAttrs</varname> is conventionally used to refer to
the attr set originally passed to <varname>stdenv.mkDerivation</varname>.
</para>
<note>
<para>
Note that <varname>separateDebugInfo</varname> is processed only by the
<varname>stdenv.mkDerivation</varname> function, not the generated, raw Nix
derivation. Thus, using <varname>overrideDerivation</varname> will not work
in this case, as it overrides only the attributes of the final derivation.
It is for this reason that <varname>overrideAttrs</varname> should be
preferred in (almost) all cases to <varname>overrideDerivation</varname>,
i.e. to allow using <varname>stdenv.mkDerivation</varname> to process input
arguments, as well as the fact that it is easier to use (you can use the
same attribute names you see in your Nix code, instead of the ones
generated (e.g. <varname>buildInputs</varname> vs
<varname>nativeBuildInputs</varname>), and it involves less typing).
</para>
</note>
</section>
<section xml:id="sec-pkg-overrideDerivation">
<title>&lt;pkg&gt;.overrideDerivation</title>
<warning>
<para>
You should prefer <varname>overrideAttrs</varname> in almost all cases, see
its documentation for the reasons why.
<varname>overrideDerivation</varname> is not deprecated and will continue
to work, but is less nice to use and does not have as many abilities as
<varname>overrideAttrs</varname>.
</para>
</warning>
<warning>
<para>
Do not use this function in Nixpkgs as it evaluates a Derivation before
modifying it, which breaks package abstraction and removes error-checking
of function arguments. In addition, this evaluation-per-function
application incurs a performance penalty, which can become a problem if
many overrides are used. It is only intended for ad-hoc customisation, such
as in <filename>~/.config/nixpkgs/config.nix</filename>.
</para>
</warning>
<para>
The function <varname>overrideDerivation</varname> creates a new derivation
based on an existing one by overriding the original's attributes with the
attribute set produced by the specified function. This function is available
on all derivations defined using the <varname>makeOverridable</varname>
function. Most standard derivation-producing functions, such as
<varname>stdenv.mkDerivation</varname>, are defined using this function,
which means most packages in the nixpkgs expression,
<varname>pkgs</varname>, have this function.
</para>
<para>
Example usage:
<programlisting>
mySed = pkgs.gnused.overrideDerivation (oldAttrs: {
name = "sed-4.2.2-pre";
src = fetchurl {
url = ftp://alpha.gnu.org/gnu/sed/sed-4.2.2-pre.tar.bz2;
sha256 = "11nq06d131y4wmf3drm0yk502d2xc6n5qy82cg88rb9nqd2lj41k";
};
patches = [];
});
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
In the above example, the <varname>name</varname>, <varname>src</varname>,
and <varname>patches</varname> of the derivation will be overridden, while
all other attributes will be retained from the original derivation.
</para>
<para>
The argument <varname>oldAttrs</varname> is used to refer to the attribute
set of the original derivation.
</para>
<note>
<para>
A package's attributes are evaluated *before* being modified by the
<varname>overrideDerivation</varname> function. For example, the
<varname>name</varname> attribute reference in <varname>url =
"mirror://gnu/hello/${name}.tar.gz";</varname> is filled-in *before* the
<varname>overrideDerivation</varname> function modifies the attribute set.
This means that overriding the <varname>name</varname> attribute, in this
example, *will not* change the value of the <varname>url</varname>
attribute. Instead, we need to override both the <varname>name</varname>
*and* <varname>url</varname> attributes.
</para>
</note>
</section>
<section xml:id="sec-lib-makeOverridable">
<title>lib.makeOverridable</title>
<para>
The function <varname>lib.makeOverridable</varname> is used to make the
result of a function easily customizable. This utility only makes sense for
functions that accept an argument set and return an attribute set.
</para>
<para>
Example usage:
<programlisting>
f = { a, b }: { result = a+b; };
c = lib.makeOverridable f { a = 1; b = 2; };
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
The variable <varname>c</varname> is the value of the <varname>f</varname>
function applied with some default arguments. Hence the value of
<varname>c.result</varname> is <literal>3</literal>, in this example.
</para>
<para>
The variable <varname>c</varname> however also has some additional
functions, like <link linkend="sec-pkg-override">c.override</link> which can
be used to override the default arguments. In this example the value of
<varname>(c.override { a = 4; }).result</varname> is 6.
</para>
</section>
</section>