mirror of
https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs.git
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510 lines
16 KiB
XML
510 lines
16 KiB
XML
<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
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xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
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xml:id="chap-packageconfig">
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<title>Global configuration</title>
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<para>
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Nix comes with certain defaults about what packages can and cannot be
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installed, based on a package's metadata. By default, Nix will prevent
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installation if any of the following criteria are true:
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</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The package is thought to be broken, and has had its
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<literal>meta.broken</literal> set to <literal>true</literal>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The package isn't intended to run on the given system, as none of its
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<literal>meta.platforms</literal> match the given system.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The package's <literal>meta.license</literal> is set to a license which is
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considered to be unfree.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The package has known security vulnerabilities but has not or can not be
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updated for some reason, and a list of issues has been entered in to the
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package's <literal>meta.knownVulnerabilities</literal>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>
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Note that all this is checked during evaluation already, and the check
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includes any package that is evaluated. In particular, all build-time
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dependencies are checked. <literal>nix-env -qa</literal> will (attempt to)
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hide any packages that would be refused.
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</para>
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<para>
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Each of these criteria can be altered in the nixpkgs configuration.
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</para>
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<para>
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The nixpkgs configuration for a NixOS system is set in the
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<literal>configuration.nix</literal>, as in the following example:
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<programlisting>
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{
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nixpkgs.config = {
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allowUnfree = true;
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};
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}
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</programlisting>
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However, this does not allow unfree software for individual users. Their
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configurations are managed separately.
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</para>
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<para>
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A user's of nixpkgs configuration is stored in a user-specific configuration
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file located at <filename>~/.config/nixpkgs/config.nix</filename>. For
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example:
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<programlisting>
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{
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allowUnfree = true;
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}
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</programlisting>
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</para>
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<para>
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Note that we are not able to test or build unfree software on Hydra due to
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policy. Most unfree licenses prohibit us from either executing or
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distributing the software.
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</para>
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<section xml:id="sec-allow-broken">
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<title>Installing broken packages</title>
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<para>
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There are two ways to try compiling a package which has been marked as
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broken.
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</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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For allowing the build of a broken package once, you can use an
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environment variable for a single invocation of the nix tools:
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<programlisting>$ export NIXPKGS_ALLOW_BROKEN=1</programlisting>
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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For permanently allowing broken packages to be built, you may add
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<literal>allowBroken = true;</literal> to your user's configuration file,
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like this:
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<programlisting>
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{
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allowBroken = true;
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}
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</programlisting>
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="sec-allow-unsupported-system">
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<title>Installing packages on unsupported systems</title>
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<para>
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There are also two ways to try compiling a package which has been marked as
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unsuported for the given system.
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</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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For allowing the build of a broken package once, you can use an
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environment variable for a single invocation of the nix tools:
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<programlisting>$ export NIXPKGS_ALLOW_UNSUPPORTED_SYSTEM=1</programlisting>
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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For permanently allowing broken packages to be built, you may add
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<literal>allowUnsupportedSystem = true;</literal> to your user's
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configuration file, like this:
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<programlisting>
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{
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allowUnsupportedSystem = true;
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}
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</programlisting>
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>
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The difference between an a package being unsupported on some system and
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being broken is admittedly a bit fuzzy. If a program
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<emphasis>ought</emphasis> to work on a certain platform, but doesn't, the
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platform should be included in <literal>meta.platforms</literal>, but marked
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as broken with e.g. <literal>meta.broken =
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!hostPlatform.isWindows</literal>. Of course, this begs the question of what
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"ought" means exactly. That is left to the package maintainer.
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</para>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="sec-allow-unfree">
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<title>Installing unfree packages</title>
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<para>
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There are several ways to tweak how Nix handles a package which has been
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marked as unfree.
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</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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To temporarily allow all unfree packages, you can use an environment
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variable for a single invocation of the nix tools:
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<programlisting>$ export NIXPKGS_ALLOW_UNFREE=1</programlisting>
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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It is possible to permanently allow individual unfree packages, while
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still blocking unfree packages by default using the
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<literal>allowUnfreePredicate</literal> configuration option in the user
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configuration file.
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</para>
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<para>
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This option is a function which accepts a package as a parameter, and
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returns a boolean. The following example configuration accepts a package
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and always returns false:
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<programlisting>
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{
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allowUnfreePredicate = (pkg: false);
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}
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</programlisting>
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</para>
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<para>
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A more useful example, the following configuration allows only allows
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flash player and visual studio code:
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<programlisting>
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{
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allowUnfreePredicate = (pkg: elem (builtins.parseDrvName pkg.name).name [ "flashplayer" "vscode" ]);
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}
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</programlisting>
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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It is also possible to whitelist and blacklist licenses that are
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specifically acceptable or not acceptable, using
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<literal>whitelistedLicenses</literal> and
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<literal>blacklistedLicenses</literal>, respectively.
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</para>
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<para>
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The following example configuration whitelists the licenses
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<literal>amd</literal> and <literal>wtfpl</literal>:
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<programlisting>
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{
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whitelistedLicenses = with stdenv.lib.licenses; [ amd wtfpl ];
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}
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</programlisting>
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</para>
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<para>
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The following example configuration blacklists the <literal>gpl3</literal>
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and <literal>agpl3</literal> licenses:
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<programlisting>
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{
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blacklistedLicenses = with stdenv.lib.licenses; [ agpl3 gpl3 ];
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}
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</programlisting>
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>
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A complete list of licenses can be found in the file
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<filename>lib/licenses.nix</filename> of the nixpkgs tree.
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</para>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="sec-allow-insecure">
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<title>Installing insecure packages</title>
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<para>
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There are several ways to tweak how Nix handles a package which has been
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marked as insecure.
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</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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To temporarily allow all insecure packages, you can use an environment
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variable for a single invocation of the nix tools:
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<programlisting>$ export NIXPKGS_ALLOW_INSECURE=1</programlisting>
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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It is possible to permanently allow individual insecure packages, while
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still blocking other insecure packages by default using the
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<literal>permittedInsecurePackages</literal> configuration option in the
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user configuration file.
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</para>
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<para>
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The following example configuration permits the installation of the
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hypothetically insecure package <literal>hello</literal>, version
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<literal>1.2.3</literal>:
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<programlisting>
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{
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permittedInsecurePackages = [
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"hello-1.2.3"
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];
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}
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</programlisting>
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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It is also possible to create a custom policy around which insecure
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packages to allow and deny, by overriding the
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<literal>allowInsecurePredicate</literal> configuration option.
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</para>
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<para>
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The <literal>allowInsecurePredicate</literal> option is a function which
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accepts a package and returns a boolean, much like
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<literal>allowUnfreePredicate</literal>.
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</para>
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<para>
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The following configuration example only allows insecure packages with
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very short names:
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<programlisting>
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{
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allowInsecurePredicate = (pkg: (builtins.stringLength (builtins.parseDrvName pkg.name).name) <= 5);
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}
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</programlisting>
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</para>
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<para>
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Note that <literal>permittedInsecurePackages</literal> is only checked if
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<literal>allowInsecurePredicate</literal> is not specified.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</section>
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<!--============================================================-->
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<section xml:id="sec-modify-via-packageOverrides">
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<title>Modify packages via <literal>packageOverrides</literal></title>
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<para>
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You can define a function called <varname>packageOverrides</varname> in your
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local <filename>~/.config/nixpkgs/config.nix</filename> to override nix
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packages. It must be a function that takes pkgs as an argument and return
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modified set of packages.
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<programlisting>
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{
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packageOverrides = pkgs: rec {
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foo = pkgs.foo.override { ... };
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};
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}
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</programlisting>
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</para>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="sec-declarative-package-management">
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<title>Declarative Package Management</title>
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<section xml:id="sec-building-environment">
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<title>Build an environment</title>
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<para>
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Using <literal>packageOverrides</literal>, it is possible to manage
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packages declaratively. This means that we can list all of our desired
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packages within a declarative Nix expression. For example, to have
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<literal>aspell</literal>, <literal>bc</literal>,
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<literal>ffmpeg</literal>, <literal>coreutils</literal>,
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<literal>gdb</literal>, <literal>nixUnstable</literal>,
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<literal>emscripten</literal>, <literal>jq</literal>,
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<literal>nox</literal>, and <literal>silver-searcher</literal>, we could
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use the following in <filename>~/.config/nixpkgs/config.nix</filename>:
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</para>
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<screen>
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{
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packageOverrides = pkgs: with pkgs; {
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myPackages = pkgs.buildEnv {
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name = "my-packages";
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paths = [ aspell bc coreutils gdb ffmpeg nixUnstable emscripten jq nox silver-searcher ];
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};
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};
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}
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</screen>
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<para>
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To install it into our environment, you can just run <literal>nix-env -iA
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nixpkgs.myPackages</literal>. If you want to load the packages to be built
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from a working copy of <literal>nixpkgs</literal> you just run
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<literal>nix-env -f. -iA myPackages</literal>. To explore what's been
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installed, just look through <filename>~/.nix-profile/</filename>. You can
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see that a lot of stuff has been installed. Some of this stuff is useful
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some of it isn't. Let's tell Nixpkgs to only link the stuff that we want:
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</para>
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<screen>
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{
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packageOverrides = pkgs: with pkgs; {
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myPackages = pkgs.buildEnv {
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name = "my-packages";
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paths = [ aspell bc coreutils gdb ffmpeg nixUnstable emscripten jq nox silver-searcher ];
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pathsToLink = [ "/share" "/bin" ];
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};
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};
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}
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</screen>
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<para>
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<literal>pathsToLink</literal> tells Nixpkgs to only link the paths listed
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which gets rid of the extra stuff in the profile. <filename>/bin</filename>
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and <filename>/share</filename> are good defaults for a user environment,
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getting rid of the clutter. If you are running on Nix on MacOS, you may
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want to add another path as well, <filename>/Applications</filename>, that
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makes GUI apps available.
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</para>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="sec-getting-documentation">
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<title>Getting documentation</title>
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<para>
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After building that new environment, look through
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<filename>~/.nix-profile</filename> to make sure everything is there that
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we wanted. Discerning readers will note that some files are missing. Look
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inside <filename>~/.nix-profile/share/man/man1/</filename> to verify this.
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There are no man pages for any of the Nix tools! This is because some
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packages like Nix have multiple outputs for things like documentation (see
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section 4). Let's make Nix install those as well.
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</para>
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<screen>
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{
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packageOverrides = pkgs: with pkgs; {
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myPackages = pkgs.buildEnv {
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name = "my-packages";
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paths = [ aspell bc coreutils ffmpeg nixUnstable emscripten jq nox silver-searcher ];
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pathsToLink = [ "/share/man" "/share/doc" "/bin" ];
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extraOutputsToInstall = [ "man" "doc" ];
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};
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};
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}
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</screen>
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<para>
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This provides us with some useful documentation for using our packages.
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However, if we actually want those manpages to be detected by man, we need
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to set up our environment. This can also be managed within Nix expressions.
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</para>
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<screen>
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{
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packageOverrides = pkgs: with pkgs; rec {
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myProfile = writeText "my-profile" ''
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export PATH=$HOME/.nix-profile/bin:/nix/var/nix/profiles/default/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
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export MANPATH=$HOME/.nix-profile/share/man:/nix/var/nix/profiles/default/share/man:/usr/share/man
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'';
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myPackages = pkgs.buildEnv {
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name = "my-packages";
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paths = [
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(runCommand "profile" {} ''
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mkdir -p $out/etc/profile.d
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cp ${myProfile} $out/etc/profile.d/my-profile.sh
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'')
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aspell
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bc
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coreutils
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ffmpeg
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man
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nixUnstable
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emscripten
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jq
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nox
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silver-searcher
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];
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pathsToLink = [ "/share/man" "/share/doc" "/bin" "/etc" ];
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extraOutputsToInstall = [ "man" "doc" ];
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};
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};
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}
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</screen>
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<para>
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For this to work fully, you must also have this script sourced when you are
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logged in. Try adding something like this to your
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<filename>~/.profile</filename> file:
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</para>
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<screen>
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#!/bin/sh
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if [ -d $HOME/.nix-profile/etc/profile.d ]; then
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for i in $HOME/.nix-profile/etc/profile.d/*.sh; do
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if [ -r $i ]; then
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. $i
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fi
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done
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fi
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</screen>
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<para>
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Now just run <literal>source $HOME/.profile</literal> and you can starting
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loading man pages from your environent.
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</para>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="sec-gnu-info-setup">
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<title>GNU info setup</title>
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<para>
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Configuring GNU info is a little bit trickier than man pages. To work
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correctly, info needs a database to be generated. This can be done with
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some small modifications to our environment scripts.
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</para>
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<screen>
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{
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packageOverrides = pkgs: with pkgs; rec {
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myProfile = writeText "my-profile" ''
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export PATH=$HOME/.nix-profile/bin:/nix/var/nix/profiles/default/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
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export MANPATH=$HOME/.nix-profile/share/man:/nix/var/nix/profiles/default/share/man:/usr/share/man
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export INFOPATH=$HOME/.nix-profile/share/info:/nix/var/nix/profiles/default/share/info:/usr/share/info
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'';
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myPackages = pkgs.buildEnv {
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name = "my-packages";
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paths = [
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(runCommand "profile" {} ''
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mkdir -p $out/etc/profile.d
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cp ${myProfile} $out/etc/profile.d/my-profile.sh
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'')
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aspell
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bc
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coreutils
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ffmpeg
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man
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nixUnstable
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emscripten
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jq
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nox
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silver-searcher
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texinfoInteractive
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];
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pathsToLink = [ "/share/man" "/share/doc" "/share/info" "/bin" "/etc" ];
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extraOutputsToInstall = [ "man" "doc" "info" ];
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postBuild = ''
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if [ -x $out/bin/install-info -a -w $out/share/info ]; then
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shopt -s nullglob
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for i in $out/share/info/*.info $out/share/info/*.info.gz; do
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$out/bin/install-info $i $out/share/info/dir
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done
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fi
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'';
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};
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};
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}
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</screen>
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<para>
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<literal>postBuild</literal> tells Nixpkgs to run a command after building
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the environment. In this case, <literal>install-info</literal> adds the
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installed info pages to <literal>dir</literal> which is GNU info's default
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root node. Note that <literal>texinfoInteractive</literal> is added to the
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environment to give the <literal>install-info</literal> command.
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</para>
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</section>
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</section>
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</chapter>
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