mirror of
https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs.git
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05f96bf376
Also add a wrapper generator that allows adding the plugins back conveniently and corresponding documentation in the package notes section of the nixpkgs manual.
698 lines
22 KiB
XML
698 lines
22 KiB
XML
<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
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xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
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xml:id="chap-package-notes">
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<title>Package Notes</title>
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<para>This chapter contains information about how to use and maintain
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the Nix expressions for a number of specific packages, such as the
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Linux kernel or X.org.</para>
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<!--============================================================-->
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<section xml:id="sec-linux-kernel">
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<title>Linux kernel</title>
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<para>The Nix expressions to build the Linux kernel are in <link
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xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/os-specific/linux/kernel"><filename>pkgs/os-specific/linux/kernel</filename></link>.</para>
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<para>The function that builds the kernel has an argument
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<varname>kernelPatches</varname> which should be a list of
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<literal>{name, patch, extraConfig}</literal> attribute sets, where
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<varname>name</varname> is the name of the patch (which is included in
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the kernel’s <varname>meta.description</varname> attribute),
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<varname>patch</varname> is the patch itself (possibly compressed),
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and <varname>extraConfig</varname> (optional) is a string specifying
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extra options to be concatenated to the kernel configuration file
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(<filename>.config</filename>).</para>
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<para>The kernel derivation exports an attribute
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<varname>features</varname> specifying whether optional functionality
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is or isn’t enabled. This is used in NixOS to implement
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kernel-specific behaviour. For instance, if the kernel has the
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<varname>iwlwifi</varname> feature (i.e. has built-in support for
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Intel wireless chipsets), then NixOS doesn’t have to build the
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external <varname>iwlwifi</varname> package:
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<programlisting>
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modulesTree = [kernel]
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++ pkgs.lib.optional (!kernel.features ? iwlwifi) kernelPackages.iwlwifi
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++ ...;
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</programlisting>
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</para>
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<para>How to add a new (major) version of the Linux kernel to Nixpkgs:
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<orderedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>Copy the old Nix expression
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(e.g. <filename>linux-2.6.21.nix</filename>) to the new one
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(e.g. <filename>linux-2.6.22.nix</filename>) and update it.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Add the new kernel to <filename>all-packages.nix</filename>
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(e.g., create an attribute
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<varname>kernel_2_6_22</varname>).</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Now we’re going to update the kernel configuration. First
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unpack the kernel. Then for each supported platform
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(<literal>i686</literal>, <literal>x86_64</literal>,
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<literal>uml</literal>) do the following:
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<orderedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>Make an copy from the old
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config (e.g. <filename>config-2.6.21-i686-smp</filename>) to
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the new one
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(e.g. <filename>config-2.6.22-i686-smp</filename>).</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Copy the config file for this platform
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(e.g. <filename>config-2.6.22-i686-smp</filename>) to
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<filename>.config</filename> in the kernel source tree.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Run <literal>make oldconfig
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ARCH=<replaceable>{i386,x86_64,um}</replaceable></literal>
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and answer all questions. (For the uml configuration, also
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add <literal>SHELL=bash</literal>.) Make sure to keep the
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configuration consistent between platforms (i.e. don’t
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enable some feature on <literal>i686</literal> and disable
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it on <literal>x86_64</literal>).
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>If needed you can also run <literal>make
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menuconfig</literal>:
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<screen>
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$ nix-env -i ncurses
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$ export NIX_CFLAGS_LINK=-lncurses
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$ make menuconfig ARCH=<replaceable>arch</replaceable></screen>
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Copy <filename>.config</filename> over the new config
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file (e.g. <filename>config-2.6.22-i686-smp</filename>).</para>
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</listitem>
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</orderedlist>
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Test building the kernel: <literal>nix-build -A
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kernel_2_6_22</literal>. If it compiles, ship it! For extra
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credit, try booting NixOS with it.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>It may be that the new kernel requires updating the external
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kernel modules and kernel-dependent packages listed in the
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<varname>linuxPackagesFor</varname> function in
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<filename>all-packages.nix</filename> (such as the NVIDIA drivers,
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AUFS, etc.). If the updated packages aren’t backwards compatible
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with older kernels, you may need to keep the older versions
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around.</para>
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</listitem>
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</orderedlist>
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</para>
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</section>
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<!--============================================================-->
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<section xml:id="sec-xorg">
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<title>X.org</title>
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<para>The Nix expressions for the X.org packages reside in
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<filename>pkgs/servers/x11/xorg/default.nix</filename>. This file is
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automatically generated from lists of tarballs in an X.org release.
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As such it should not be modified directly; rather, you should modify
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the lists, the generator script or the file
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<filename>pkgs/servers/x11/xorg/overrides.nix</filename>, in which you
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can override or add to the derivations produced by the
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generator.</para>
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<para>The generator is invoked as follows:
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<screen>
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$ cd pkgs/servers/x11/xorg
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$ cat tarballs-7.5.list extra.list old.list \
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| perl ./generate-expr-from-tarballs.pl
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</screen>
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For each of the tarballs in the <filename>.list</filename> files, the
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script downloads it, unpacks it, and searches its
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<filename>configure.ac</filename> and <filename>*.pc.in</filename>
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files for dependencies. This information is used to generate
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<filename>default.nix</filename>. The generator caches downloaded
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tarballs between runs. Pay close attention to the <literal>NOT FOUND:
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<replaceable>name</replaceable></literal> messages at the end of the
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run, since they may indicate missing dependencies. (Some might be
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optional dependencies, however.)</para>
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<para>A file like <filename>tarballs-7.5.list</filename> contains all
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tarballs in a X.org release. It can be generated like this:
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<screen>
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$ export i="mirror://xorg/X11R7.4/src/everything/"
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$ cat $(PRINT_PATH=1 nix-prefetch-url $i | tail -n 1) \
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| perl -e 'while (<>) { if (/(href|HREF)="([^"]*.bz2)"/) { print "$ENV{'i'}$2\n"; }; }' \
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| sort > tarballs-7.4.list
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</screen>
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<filename>extra.list</filename> contains libraries that aren’t part of
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X.org proper, but are closely related to it, such as
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<literal>libxcb</literal>. <filename>old.list</filename> contains
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some packages that were removed from X.org, but are still needed by
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some people or by other packages (such as
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<varname>imake</varname>).</para>
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<para>If the expression for a package requires derivation attributes
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that the generator cannot figure out automatically (say,
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<varname>patches</varname> or a <varname>postInstall</varname> hook),
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you should modify
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<filename>pkgs/servers/x11/xorg/overrides.nix</filename>.</para>
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</section>
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<!--============================================================-->
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<!--
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<section>
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<title>Gnome</title>
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<para>* Expression is auto-generated</para>
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<para>* How to update</para>
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</section>
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-->
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<!--============================================================-->
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<!--
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<section>
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<title>GCC</title>
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<para>…</para>
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</section>
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-->
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<!--============================================================-->
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<section xml:id="sec-eclipse">
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<title>Eclipse</title>
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<para>
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The Nix expressions related to the Eclipse platform and IDE are in
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<link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/applications/editors/eclipse"><filename>pkgs/applications/editors/eclipse</filename></link>.
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</para>
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<para>
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Nixpkgs provides a number of packages that will install Eclipse in
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its various forms, these range from the bare-bones Eclipse
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Platform to the more fully featured Eclipse SDK or Scala-IDE
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packages and multiple version are often available. It is possible
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to list available Eclipse packages by issuing the command:
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<screen>
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$ nix-env -f '<nixpkgs>' -qaP -A eclipses --description
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</screen>
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Once an Eclipse variant is installed it can be run using the
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<command>eclipse</command> command, as expected. From within
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Eclipse it is then possible to install plugins in the usual manner
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by either manually specifying an Eclipse update site or by
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installing the Marketplace Client plugin and using it to discover
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and install other plugins. This installation method provides an
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Eclipse installation that closely resemble a manually installed
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Eclipse.
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</para>
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<para>
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If you prefer to install plugins in a more declarative manner then
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Nixpkgs also offer a number of Eclipse plugins that can be
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installed in an <emphasis>Eclipse environment</emphasis>. This
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type of environment is created using the function
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<varname>eclipseWithPlugins</varname> found inside the
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<varname>nixpkgs.eclipses</varname> attribute set. This function
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takes as argument <literal>{ eclipse, plugins ? [], jvmArgs ? []
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}</literal> where <varname>eclipse</varname> is a one of the
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Eclipse packages described above, <varname>plugins</varname> is a
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list of plugin derivations, and <varname>jvmArgs</varname> is a
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list of arguments given to the JVM running the Eclipse. For
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example, say you wish to install the latest Eclipse Platform with
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the popular Eclipse Color Theme plugin and also allow Eclipse to
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use more RAM. You could then add
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<screen>
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packageOverrides = pkgs: {
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myEclipse = with pkgs.eclipses; eclipseWithPlugins {
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eclipse = eclipse-platform;
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jvmArgs = [ "-Xmx2048m" ];
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plugins = [ plugins.color-theme ];
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};
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}
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</screen>
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to your Nixpkgs configuration
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(<filename>~/.config/nixpkgs/config.nix</filename>) and install it by
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running <command>nix-env -f '<nixpkgs>' -iA
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myEclipse</command> and afterward run Eclipse as usual. It is
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possible to find out which plugins are available for installation
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using <varname>eclipseWithPlugins</varname> by running
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<screen>
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$ nix-env -f '<nixpkgs>' -qaP -A eclipses.plugins --description
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</screen>
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</para>
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<para>
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If there is a need to install plugins that are not available in
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Nixpkgs then it may be possible to define these plugins outside
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Nixpkgs using the <varname>buildEclipseUpdateSite</varname> and
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<varname>buildEclipsePlugin</varname> functions found in the
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<varname>nixpkgs.eclipses.plugins</varname> attribute set. Use the
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<varname>buildEclipseUpdateSite</varname> function to install a
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plugin distributed as an Eclipse update site. This function takes
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<literal>{ name, src }</literal> as argument where
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<literal>src</literal> indicates the Eclipse update site archive.
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All Eclipse features and plugins within the downloaded update site
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will be installed. When an update site archive is not available
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then the <varname>buildEclipsePlugin</varname> function can be
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used to install a plugin that consists of a pair of feature and
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plugin JARs. This function takes an argument <literal>{ name,
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srcFeature, srcPlugin }</literal> where
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<literal>srcFeature</literal> and <literal>srcPlugin</literal> are
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the feature and plugin JARs, respectively.
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</para>
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<para>
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Expanding the previous example with two plugins using the above
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functions we have
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<screen>
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packageOverrides = pkgs: {
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myEclipse = with pkgs.eclipses; eclipseWithPlugins {
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eclipse = eclipse-platform;
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jvmArgs = [ "-Xmx2048m" ];
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plugins = [
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plugins.color-theme
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(plugins.buildEclipsePlugin {
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name = "myplugin1-1.0";
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srcFeature = fetchurl {
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url = "http://…/features/myplugin1.jar";
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sha256 = "123…";
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};
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srcPlugin = fetchurl {
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url = "http://…/plugins/myplugin1.jar";
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sha256 = "123…";
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};
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});
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(plugins.buildEclipseUpdateSite {
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name = "myplugin2-1.0";
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src = fetchurl {
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stripRoot = false;
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url = "http://…/myplugin2.zip";
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sha256 = "123…";
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};
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});
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];
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};
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}
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</screen>
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</para>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="sec-elm">
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<title>Elm</title>
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<para>
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The Nix expressions for Elm reside in
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<filename>pkgs/development/compilers/elm</filename>. They are generated
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automatically by <command>update-elm.rb</command> script. One should
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specify versions of Elm packages inside the script, clear the
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<filename>packages</filename> directory and run the script from inside it.
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<literal>elm-reactor</literal> is special because it also has Elm package
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dependencies. The process is not automated very much for now -- you should
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get the <literal>elm-reactor</literal> source tree (e.g. with
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<command>nix-shell</command>) and run <command>elm2nix.rb</command> inside
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it. Place the resulting <filename>package.nix</filename> file into
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<filename>packages/elm-reactor-elm.nix</filename>.
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</para>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="sec-shell-helpers">
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<title>Interactive shell helpers</title>
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<para>
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Some packages provide the shell integration to be more useful. But
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unlike other systems, nix doesn't have a standard share directory
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location. This is why a bunch <command>PACKAGE-share</command>
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scripts are shipped that print the location of the corresponding
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shared folder.
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Current list of such packages is as following:
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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<literal>autojump</literal>: <command>autojump-share</command>
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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<literal>fzf</literal>: <command>fzf-share</command>
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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E.g. <literal>autojump</literal> can then used in the .bashrc like this:
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<screen>
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source "$(autojump-share)/autojump.bash"
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</screen>
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</para>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="sec-steam">
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<title>Steam</title>
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<section xml:id="sec-steam-nix">
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<title>Steam in Nix</title>
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<para>
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Steam is distributed as a <filename>.deb</filename> file, for now only
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as an i686 package (the amd64 package only has documentation).
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When unpacked, it has a script called <filename>steam</filename> that
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in ubuntu (their target distro) would go to <filename>/usr/bin
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</filename>. When run for the first time, this script copies some
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files to the user's home, which include another script that is the
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ultimate responsible for launching the steam binary, which is also
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in $HOME.
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</para>
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<para>
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Nix problems and constraints:
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para>We don't have <filename>/bin/bash</filename> and many
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scripts point there. Similarly for <filename>/usr/bin/python</filename>
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||
.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>We don't have the dynamic loader in <filename>/lib
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</filename>.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>The <filename>steam.sh</filename> script in $HOME can
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not be patched, as it is checked and rewritten by steam.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>The steam binary cannot be patched, it's also checked.</para></listitem>
|
||
</itemizedlist>
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||
</para>
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<para>
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The current approach to deploy Steam in NixOS is composing a FHS-compatible
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chroot environment, as documented
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<link xlink:href="http://sandervanderburg.blogspot.nl/2013/09/composing-fhs-compatible-chroot.html">here</link>.
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This allows us to have binaries in the expected paths without disrupting the system,
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and to avoid patching them to work in a non FHS environment.
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</para>
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|
||
</section>
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|
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<section xml:id="sec-steam-play">
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<title>How to play</title>
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||
|
||
<para>
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||
For 64-bit systems it's important to have
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<programlisting>hardware.opengl.driSupport32Bit = true;</programlisting>
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||
in your <filename>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename>. You'll also need
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<programlisting>hardware.pulseaudio.support32Bit = true;</programlisting>
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||
if you are using PulseAudio - this will enable 32bit ALSA apps integration.
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To use the Steam controller, you need to add
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<programlisting>services.udev.extraRules = ''
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SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="28de", MODE="0666"
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KERNEL=="uinput", MODE="0660", GROUP="users", OPTIONS+="static_node=uinput"
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||
'';</programlisting>
|
||
to your configuration.
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</para>
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||
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
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<section xml:id="sec-steam-troub">
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|
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<title>Troubleshooting</title>
|
||
|
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<para>
|
||
<variablelist>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term>Steam fails to start. What do I do?</term>
|
||
<listitem><para>Try to run
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<programlisting>strace steam</programlisting>
|
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to see what is causing steam to fail.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term>Using the FOSS Radeon or nouveau (nvidia) drivers</term>
|
||
<listitem><itemizedlist>
|
||
<listitem><para>The <literal>newStdcpp</literal> parameter
|
||
was removed since NixOS 17.09 and should not be needed anymore.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
|
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<listitem><para>
|
||
Steam ships statically linked with a version of libcrypto that
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conflics with the one dynamically loaded by radeonsi_dri.so.
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If you get the error
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<programlisting>steam.sh: line 713: 7842 Segmentation fault (core dumped)</programlisting>
|
||
have a look at <link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/20269">this pull request</link>.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
|
||
</itemizedlist></listitem></varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term>Java</term>
|
||
<listitem><orderedlist>
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
There is no java in steam chrootenv by default. If you get a message like
|
||
<programlisting>/home/foo/.local/share/Steam/SteamApps/common/towns/towns.sh: line 1: java: command not found</programlisting>
|
||
You need to add
|
||
<programlisting> steam.override { withJava = true; };</programlisting>
|
||
to your configuration.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</orderedlist></listitem></varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
</variablelist>
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<section xml:id="sec-steam-run">
|
||
|
||
<title>steam-run</title>
|
||
<para>
|
||
The FHS-compatible chroot used for steam can also be used to run
|
||
other linux games that expect a FHS environment.
|
||
To do it, add
|
||
<programlisting>pkgs.(steam.override {
|
||
nativeOnly = true;
|
||
newStdcpp = true;
|
||
}).run</programlisting>
|
||
to your configuration, rebuild, and run the game with
|
||
<programlisting>steam-run ./foo</programlisting>
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<section xml:id="sec-emacs">
|
||
|
||
<title>Emacs</title>
|
||
|
||
<section xml:id="sec-emacs-config">
|
||
|
||
<title>Configuring Emacs</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
The Emacs package comes with some extra helpers to make it easier to
|
||
configure. <varname>emacsWithPackages</varname> allows you to manage
|
||
packages from ELPA. This means that you will not have to install
|
||
that packages from within Emacs. For instance, if you wanted to use
|
||
<literal>company</literal>, <literal>counsel</literal>,
|
||
<literal>flycheck</literal>, <literal>ivy</literal>,
|
||
<literal>magit</literal>, <literal>projectile</literal>, and
|
||
<literal>use-package</literal> you could use this as a
|
||
<filename>~/.config/nixpkgs/config.nix</filename> override:
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>
|
||
{
|
||
packageOverrides = pkgs: with pkgs; {
|
||
myEmacs = emacsWithPackages (epkgs: (with epkgs.melpaStablePackages; [
|
||
company
|
||
counsel
|
||
flycheck
|
||
ivy
|
||
magit
|
||
projectile
|
||
use-package
|
||
]));
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
</screen>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
You can install it like any other packages via <command>nix-env -iA
|
||
myEmacs</command>. However, this will only install those packages.
|
||
It will not <literal>configure</literal> them for us. To do this, we
|
||
need to provide a configuration file. Luckily, it is possible to do
|
||
this from within Nix! By modifying the above example, we can make
|
||
Emacs load a custom config file. The key is to create a package that
|
||
provide a <filename>default.el</filename> file in
|
||
<filename>/share/emacs/site-start/</filename>. Emacs knows to load
|
||
this file automatically when it starts.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>
|
||
{
|
||
packageOverrides = pkgs: with pkgs; rec {
|
||
myEmacsConfig = writeText "default.el" ''
|
||
;; initialize package
|
||
|
||
(require 'package)
|
||
(package-initialize 'noactivate)
|
||
(eval-when-compile
|
||
(require 'use-package))
|
||
|
||
;; load some packages
|
||
|
||
(use-package company
|
||
:bind ("<C-tab>" . company-complete)
|
||
:diminish company-mode
|
||
:commands (company-mode global-company-mode)
|
||
:defer 1
|
||
:config
|
||
(global-company-mode))
|
||
|
||
(use-package counsel
|
||
:commands (counsel-descbinds)
|
||
:bind (([remap execute-extended-command] . counsel-M-x)
|
||
("C-x C-f" . counsel-find-file)
|
||
("C-c g" . counsel-git)
|
||
("C-c j" . counsel-git-grep)
|
||
("C-c k" . counsel-ag)
|
||
("C-x l" . counsel-locate)
|
||
("M-y" . counsel-yank-pop)))
|
||
|
||
(use-package flycheck
|
||
:defer 2
|
||
:config (global-flycheck-mode))
|
||
|
||
(use-package ivy
|
||
:defer 1
|
||
:bind (("C-c C-r" . ivy-resume)
|
||
("C-x C-b" . ivy-switch-buffer)
|
||
:map ivy-minibuffer-map
|
||
("C-j" . ivy-call))
|
||
:diminish ivy-mode
|
||
:commands ivy-mode
|
||
:config
|
||
(ivy-mode 1))
|
||
|
||
(use-package magit
|
||
:defer
|
||
:if (executable-find "git")
|
||
:bind (("C-x g" . magit-status)
|
||
("C-x G" . magit-dispatch-popup))
|
||
:init
|
||
(setq magit-completing-read-function 'ivy-completing-read))
|
||
|
||
(use-package projectile
|
||
:commands projectile-mode
|
||
:bind-keymap ("C-c p" . projectile-command-map)
|
||
:defer 5
|
||
:config
|
||
(projectile-global-mode))
|
||
'';
|
||
myEmacs = emacsWithPackages (epkgs: (with epkgs.melpaStablePackages; [
|
||
(runCommand "default.el" {} ''
|
||
mkdir -p $out/share/emacs/site-lisp
|
||
cp ${myEmacsConfig} $out/share/emacs/site-lisp/default.el
|
||
'')
|
||
company
|
||
counsel
|
||
flycheck
|
||
ivy
|
||
magit
|
||
projectile
|
||
use-package
|
||
]));
|
||
};
|
||
}
|
||
</screen>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
This provides a fairly full Emacs start file. It will load in
|
||
addition to the user's presonal config. You can always disable it by
|
||
passing <command>-q</command> to the Emacs command.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<section xml:id="sec-weechat">
|
||
<title>Weechat</title>
|
||
<para>
|
||
Weechat can currently be configured to include your choice of plugins.
|
||
To make use of this functionality, install an expression that overrides its configuration such as
|
||
<programlisting>weechat.override {configure = {availablePlugins, ...}: {
|
||
plugins = with availablePlugins; [ python perl ];
|
||
}
|
||
}</programlisting>
|
||
</para>
|
||
<para>
|
||
The plugins currently available are <literal>python</literal>,
|
||
<literal>perl</literal>, <literal>ruby</literal>, <literal>guile</literal>,
|
||
<literal>tcl</literal> and <literal>lua</literal>.
|
||
</para>
|
||
<para>
|
||
The python plugin allows the addition of extra libraries. For instance,
|
||
the <literal>inotify.py</literal> script in weechat-scripts requires
|
||
D-Bus or libnotify, and the <literal>fish.py</literal> script requires
|
||
pycrypto. To use these scripts, use the <literal>python</literal>
|
||
plugin's <literal>withPackages</literal> attribute:
|
||
<programlisting>weechat.override {configure = {availablePlugins, ...}: {
|
||
plugins = with availablePlugins; [
|
||
(python.withPackages (ps: with ps; [ pycrypto python-dbus ]))
|
||
];
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
</para>
|
||
</section>
|
||
</chapter>
|