mirror of
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195 lines
6.1 KiB
XML
195 lines
6.1 KiB
XML
<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
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xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
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xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
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xml:id="sec-pkgs-fetchers">
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<title>Fetcher functions</title>
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<para>
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When using Nix, you will frequently need to download source code and other
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files from the internet. Nixpkgs comes with a few helper functions that allow
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you to fetch fixed-output derivations in a structured way.
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</para>
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<para>
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The two fetcher primitives are <function>fetchurl</function> and
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<function>fetchzip</function>. Both of these have two required arguments, a
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URL and a hash. The hash is typically <literal>sha256</literal>, although
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many more hash algorithms are supported. Nixpkgs contributors are currently
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recommended to use <literal>sha256</literal>. This hash will be used by Nix
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to identify your source. A typical usage of fetchurl is provided below.
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</para>
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<programlisting><![CDATA[
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{ stdenv, fetchurl }:
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stdenv.mkDerivation {
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name = "hello";
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src = fetchurl {
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url = "http://www.example.org/hello.tar.gz";
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sha256 = "1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111";
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};
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}
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]]></programlisting>
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<para>
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The main difference between <function>fetchurl</function> and
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<function>fetchzip</function> is in how they store the contents.
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<function>fetchurl</function> will store the unaltered contents of the URL
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within the Nix store. <function>fetchzip</function> on the other hand will
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decompress the archive for you, making files and directories directly
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accessible in the future. <function>fetchzip</function> can only be used with
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archives. Despite the name, <function>fetchzip</function> is not limited to
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.zip files and can also be used with any tarball.
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</para>
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<para>
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<function>fetchpatch</function> works very similarly to
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<function>fetchurl</function> with the same arguments expected. It expects
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patch files as a source and and performs normalization on them before
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computing the checksum. For example it will remove comments or other unstable
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parts that are sometimes added by version control systems and can change over
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time.
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</para>
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<para>
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Other fetcher functions allow you to add source code directly from a VCS such
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as subversion or git. These are mostly straightforward names based on the
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name of the command used with the VCS system. Because they give you a working
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repository, they act most like <function>fetchzip</function>.
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</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<literal>fetchsvn</literal>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Used with Subversion. Expects <literal>url</literal> to a Subversion
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directory, <literal>rev</literal>, and <literal>sha256</literal>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<literal>fetchgit</literal>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Used with Git. Expects <literal>url</literal> to a Git repo,
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<literal>rev</literal>, and <literal>sha256</literal>.
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<literal>rev</literal> in this case can be full the git commit id (SHA1
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hash) or a tag name like <literal>refs/tags/v1.0</literal>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<literal>fetchfossil</literal>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Used with Fossil. Expects <literal>url</literal> to a Fossil archive,
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<literal>rev</literal>, and <literal>sha256</literal>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<literal>fetchcvs</literal>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Used with CVS. Expects <literal>cvsRoot</literal>, <literal>tag</literal>,
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and <literal>sha256</literal>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<literal>fetchhg</literal>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Used with Mercurial. Expects <literal>url</literal>,
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<literal>rev</literal>, and <literal>sha256</literal>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para>
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A number of fetcher functions wrap part of <function>fetchurl</function> and
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<function>fetchzip</function>. They are mainly convenience functions intended
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for commonly used destinations of source code in Nixpkgs. These wrapper
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fetchers are listed below.
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</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<literal>fetchFromGitHub</literal>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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<function>fetchFromGitHub</function> expects four arguments.
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<literal>owner</literal> is a string corresponding to the GitHub user or
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organization that controls this repository. <literal>repo</literal>
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corresponds to the name of the software repository. These are located at
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the top of every GitHub HTML page as
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<literal>owner</literal>/<literal>repo</literal>. <literal>rev</literal>
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corresponds to the Git commit hash or tag (e.g <literal>v1.0</literal>)
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that will be downloaded from Git. Finally, <literal>sha256</literal>
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corresponds to the hash of the extracted directory. Again, other hash
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algorithms are also available but <literal>sha256</literal> is currently
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preferred.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<literal>fetchFromGitLab</literal>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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This is used with GitLab repositories. The arguments expected are very
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similar to fetchFromGitHub above.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<literal>fetchFromBitbucket</literal>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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This is used with BitBucket repositories. The arguments expected are very
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similar to fetchFromGitHub above.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<literal>fetchFromSavannah</literal>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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This is used with Savannah repositories. The arguments expected are very
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similar to fetchFromGitHub above.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<literal>fetchFromRepoOrCz</literal>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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This is used with repo.or.cz repositories. The arguments expected are very
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similar to fetchFromGitHub above.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</section>
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