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nixos manual: Adds some examples of how to use fdisk.
Also unifies the BIOS and UEFI installation instructions. It's a fairly basic usage, but it makes explicity the fact that you should at least have a main partition and a swap partition, and will save some users a bit of internet searching while they are getting set up.
This commit is contained in:
Dave Laing
parent
b51aa7b6d8
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0cf74190a9
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<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
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xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
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xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
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version="5.0"
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xml:id="sec-uefi-installation">
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<title>UEFI Installation</title>
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<para>NixOS can also be installed on UEFI systems. The procedure
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is by and large the same as a BIOS installation, with the following
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changes:
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>You should boot the live CD in UEFI mode (consult your
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specific hardware's documentation for instructions). You may find
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the <link
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xlink:href="http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind">rEFInd
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boot manager</link> useful.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Instead of <command>fdisk</command>, you should use
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<command>gdisk</command> to partition your disks. You will need to
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have a separate partition for <filename>/boot</filename> with
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partition code EF00, and it should be formatted as a
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<literal>vfat</literal> filesystem.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Instead of <option>boot.loader.grub.device</option>,
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you must set <option>boot.loader.systemd-boot.enable</option> to
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<literal>true</literal>. <command>nixos-generate-config</command>
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should do this automatically for new configurations when booted in
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UEFI mode.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>After having mounted your installation partition to
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<code>/mnt</code>, you must mount the <code>boot</code> partition
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to <code>/mnt/boot</code>.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>You may want to look at the options starting with
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<option>boot.loader.efi</option> and <option>boot.loader.systemd-boot</option>
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as well.</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</para>
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</section>
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@ -6,9 +6,18 @@
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<title>Installing NixOS</title>
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<para>NixOS can be installed on BIOS or UEFI systems. The procedure
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for a UEFI installation is by and large the same as a BIOS installation. The differences are mentioned in the steps that follow.</para>
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<orderedlist>
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<listitem><para>Boot from the CD.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Boot from the CD.</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry><term>UEFI systems</term>
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<listitem><para>You should boot the live CD in UEFI mode
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(consult your specific hardware's documentation for instructions).
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You may find the <link xlink:href="http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind">rEFInd boot
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manager</link> useful.</para></listitem></varlistentry></variablelist></listitem>
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<listitem><para>The CD contains a basic NixOS installation. (It
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also contains Memtest86+, useful if you want to test new hardware).
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@ -50,7 +59,31 @@
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para>For partitioning:
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<command>fdisk</command>.</para></listitem>
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<command>fdisk</command>.
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<screen>
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# fdisk /dev/sda # <lineannotation>(or whatever device you want to install on)</lineannotation>
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-- for UEFI systems only
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> n # <lineannotation>(create a new partition for /boot)</lineannotation>
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> 3 # <lineannotation>(make it a partition number 3)</lineannotation>
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> # <lineannotation>(press enter to accept the default)</lineannotation>
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> +512M # <lineannotation>(the size of the UEFI boot partition)</lineannotation>
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> t # <lineannotation>(change the partition type ...)</lineannotation>
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> 3 # <lineannotation>(... of the boot partition ...)</lineannotation>
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> 1 # <lineannotation>(... to 'UEFI System')</lineannotation>
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-- for BIOS or UEFI systems
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> n # <lineannotation>(create a new partition for /swap)</lineannotation>
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> 2 # <lineannotation>(make it a partition number 2)</lineannotation>
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> # <lineannotation>(press enter to accept the default)</lineannotation>
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> +8G # <lineannotation>(the size of the swap partition, set to whatever you like)</lineannotation>
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> n # <lineannotation>(create a new partition for /)</lineannotation>
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> 1 # <lineannotation>(make it a partition number 1)</lineannotation>
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> # <lineannotation>(press enter to accept the default)</lineannotation>
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> # <lineannotation>(press enter to accept the default and use the rest of the remaining space)</lineannotation>
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> a # <lineannotation>(make the partition bootable)</lineannotation>
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> x # <lineannotation>(enter expert mode)</lineannotation>
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> f # <lineannotation>(fix up the partition ordering)</lineannotation>
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> r # <lineannotation>(exit expert mode)</lineannotation>
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> w # <lineannotation>(write the partition table to disk and exit)</lineannotation></screen></para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>For initialising Ext4 partitions:
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<command>mkfs.ext4</command>. It is recommended that you assign a
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@ -67,7 +100,25 @@
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<listitem><para>For creating swap partitions:
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<command>mkswap</command>. Again it’s recommended to assign a
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label to the swap partition: <option>-L
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<replaceable>label</replaceable></option>.</para></listitem>
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<replaceable>label</replaceable></option>. For example:
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<screen>
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# mkswap -L swap /dev/sda2</screen>
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry><term>UEFI systems</term>
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<listitem><para>For creating boot partitions:
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<command>mkfs.fat</command>. Again it’s recommended to assign a
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label to the boot partition: <option>-L
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<replaceable>label</replaceable></option>. For example:
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<screen>
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# mkfs.fat -F 32 -L boot /dev/sda3</screen>
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</para></listitem></varlistentry></variablelist></listitem>
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<listitem><para>For creating LVM volumes, the LVM commands, e.g.,
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@ -95,11 +146,27 @@
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry><term>UEFI systems</term>
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<listitem><para>Mount the boot file system on <filename>/mnt/boot</filename>, e.g.
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<screen>
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# mount /dev/disk/by-label/boot /mnt/boot
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</screen>
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</para></listitem></varlistentry></variablelist></listitem>
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<listitem><para>If your machine has a limited amount of memory, you
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may want to activate swap devices now (<command>swapon
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<replaceable>device</replaceable></command>). The installer (or
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rather, the build actions that it may spawn) may need quite a bit of
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RAM, depending on your configuration.</para></listitem>
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RAM, depending on your configuration.
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<screen>
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# swapon /dev/sda2</screen>
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem>
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@ -135,10 +202,25 @@
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install Emacs by running <literal>nix-env -i
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emacs</literal>.</para>
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<para>You <emphasis>must</emphasis> set the option
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry><term>BIOS systems</term>
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<listitem><para>You <emphasis>must</emphasis> set the option
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<option>boot.loader.grub.device</option> to specify on which disk
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the GRUB boot loader is to be installed. Without it, NixOS cannot
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boot.</para>
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boot.</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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<varlistentry><term>UEFI systems</term>
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<listitem><para>You <emphasis>must</emphasis> set the option
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<option>boot.loader.systemd-boot.enable</option> to <literal>true</literal>.
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<command>nixos-generate-config</command> should do this automatically for new
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configurations when booted in
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UEFI mode.</para>
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<para>You may want to look at the options starting with
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<option>boot.loader.efi</option> and <option>boot.loader.systemd-boot</option>
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as well.</para></listitem></varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para>If there are other operating systems running on the machine before
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installing NixOS, the
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@ -247,10 +329,34 @@ drive (here <filename>/dev/sda</filename>). <xref linkend="ex-config"
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<example xml:id='ex-install-sequence'><title>Commands for Installing NixOS on <filename>/dev/sda</filename></title>
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<screen>
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# fdisk /dev/sda # <lineannotation>(or whatever device you want to install on)</lineannotation>
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-- for UEFI systems only
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> n # <lineannotation>(create a new partition for /boot)</lineannotation>
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> 3 # <lineannotation>(make it a partition number 3)</lineannotation>
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> # <lineannotation>(press enter to accept the default)</lineannotation>
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> +512M # <lineannotation>(the size of the UEFI boot partition)</lineannotation>
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> t # <lineannotation>(change the partition type ...)</lineannotation>
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> 3 # <lineannotation>(... of the boot partition ...)</lineannotation>
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> 1 # <lineannotation>(... to 'UEFI System')</lineannotation>
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-- for BIOS or UEFI systems
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> n # <lineannotation>(create a new partition for /swap)</lineannotation>
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> 2 # <lineannotation>(make it a partition number 2)</lineannotation>
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> # <lineannotation>(press enter to accept the default)</lineannotation>
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> +8G # <lineannotation>(the size of the swap partition)</lineannotation>
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> n # <lineannotation>(create a new partition for /)</lineannotation>
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> 1 # <lineannotation>(make it a partition number 1)</lineannotation>
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> # <lineannotation>(press enter to accept the default)</lineannotation>
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> # <lineannotation>(press enter to accept the default and use the rest of the remaining space)</lineannotation>
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> a # <lineannotation>(make the partition bootable)</lineannotation>
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> x # <lineannotation>(enter expert mode)</lineannotation>
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> f # <lineannotation>(fix up the partition ordering)</lineannotation>
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> r # <lineannotation>(exit expert mode)</lineannotation>
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> w # <lineannotation>(write the partition table to disk and exit)</lineannotation>
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# mkfs.ext4 -L nixos /dev/sda1
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# mkswap -L swap /dev/sda2
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# swapon /dev/sda2
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# mkfs.fat -F 32 -L boot /dev/sda3 # <lineannotation>(for UEFI systems only)</lineannotation>
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# mount /dev/disk/by-label/nixos /mnt
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# mount /dev/disk/by-label/boot /mnt/boot # <lineannotation>(for UEFI systems only)</lineannotation>
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# nixos-generate-config --root /mnt
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# nano /mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix
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# nixos-install
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@ -267,7 +373,8 @@ drive (here <filename>/dev/sda</filename>). <xref linkend="ex-config"
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./hardware-configuration.nix
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];
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boot.loader.grub.device = "/dev/sda";
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boot.loader.grub.device = "/dev/sda"; # <lineannotation>(for BIOS systems only)</lineannotation>
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boot.loader.systemd-boot.enable = true; # <lineannotation>(for UEFI systems only)</lineannotation>
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# Note: setting fileSystems is generally not
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# necessary, since nixos-generate-config figures them out
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@ -279,7 +386,6 @@ drive (here <filename>/dev/sda</filename>). <xref linkend="ex-config"
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}</screen>
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</example>
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<xi:include href="installing-uefi.xml" />
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<xi:include href="installing-usb.xml" />
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<xi:include href="installing-pxe.xml" />
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<xi:include href="installing-virtualbox-guest.xml" />
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@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ the following highlights:
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para>Installation on UEFI systems is now supported. See
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<xref linkend="sec-uefi-installation"/> for
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<xref linkend="sec-installation"/> for
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details.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Systemd has been updated to version 212, which has
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