nixpkgs/nixos/doc/manual/configuration/firewall.xml

<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
         xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
         xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
         version="5.0"
         xml:id="sec-firewall">
 <title>Firewall</title>

 <para>
  NixOS has a simple stateful firewall that blocks incoming connections and other unexpected packets. The firewall applies to both IPv4 and IPv6 traffic. It is enabled by default. It can be disabled as follows:
<programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-networking.firewall.enable"/> = false;
</programlisting>
  If the firewall is enabled, you can open specific TCP ports to the outside world:
<programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-networking.firewall.allowedTCPPorts"/> = [ 80 443 ];
</programlisting>
  Note that TCP port 22 (ssh) is opened automatically if the SSH daemon is enabled (<option><xref linkend="opt-services.openssh.enable"/> = true</option>). UDP ports can be opened through <xref linkend="opt-networking.firewall.allowedUDPPorts"/>.
 </para>

 <para>
  To open ranges of TCP ports:
<programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-networking.firewall.allowedTCPPortRanges"/> = [
  { from = 4000; to = 4007; }
  { from = 8000; to = 8010; }
];
</programlisting>
  Similarly, UDP port ranges can be opened through <xref linkend="opt-networking.firewall.allowedUDPPortRanges"/>.
 </para>
</section>