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<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-reviewing-contributions">
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<title>Reviewing contributions</title>
<warning>
<para>
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The following section is a draft, and the policy for reviewing is still
being discussed in issues such as
<link
xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/11166">#11166
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</link> and
<link
xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/20836">#20836
</link>.
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</para>
</warning>
<para>
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The Nixpkgs project receives a fairly high number of contributions via GitHub
pull requests. Reviewing and approving these is an important task and a way
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to contribute to the project.
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</para>
<para>
The high change rate of Nixpkgs makes any pull request that remains open for
too long subject to conflicts that will require extra work from the submitter
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or the merger. Reviewing pull requests in a timely manner and being
responsive to the comments is the key to avoid this issue. GitHub provides
sort filters that can be used to see the
<link
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xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulls?q=is%3Apr+is%3Aopen+sort%3Aupdated-desc">most
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recently</link> and the
<link
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xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulls?q=is%3Apr+is%3Aopen+sort%3Aupdated-asc">least
recently</link> updated pull requests. We highly encourage looking at
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<link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pulls?q=is%3Apr+is%3Aopen+review%3Anone+status%3Asuccess+-label%3A%222.status%3A+work-in-progress%22+no%3Aproject+no%3Aassignee+no%3Amilestone">
this list of ready to merge, unreviewed pull requests</link>.
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</para>
<para>
When reviewing a pull request, please always be nice and polite.
Controversial changes can lead to controversial opinions, but it is important
to respect every community member and their work.
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</para>
<para>
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GitHub provides reactions as a simple and quick way to provide feedback to
pull requests or any comments. The thumb-down reaction should be used with
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care and if possible accompanied with some explanation so the submitter has
directions to improve their contribution.
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</para>
<para>
pull request reviews should include a list of what has been reviewed in a
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comment, so other reviewers and mergers can know the state of the review.
</para>
<para>
All the review template samples provided in this section are generic and
meant as examples. Their usage is optional and the reviewer is free to adapt
them to their liking.
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</para>
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<section xml:id="reviewing-contributions-package-updates">
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<title>Package updates</title>
<para>
A package update is the most trivial and common type of pull request. These
pull requests mainly consist of updating the version part of the package
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name and the source hash.
</para>
<para>
It can happen that non-trivial updates include patches or more complex
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changes.
</para>
<para>
Reviewing process:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add labels to the pull request. (Requires commit rights)
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</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
<para>
<literal>8.has: package (update)</literal> and any topic label that fit
the updated package.
</para>
</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Ensure that the package versioning fits the guidelines.
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</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Ensure that the commit text fits the guidelines.
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</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Ensure that the package maintainers are notified.
</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
<para>
<link xlink:href="https://help.github.com/articles/about-codeowners/">CODEOWNERS</link>
will make GitHub notify users based on the submitted changes, but it can
happen that it misses some of the package maintainers.
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</para>
</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Ensure that the meta field information is correct.
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</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
<para>
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License can change with version updates, so it should be checked to
match the upstream license.
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</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
If the package has no maintainer, a maintainer must be set. This can be
the update submitter or a community member that accepts to take
maintainership of the package.
</para>
</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Ensure that the code contains no typos.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Building the package locally.
</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
<para>
pull requests are often targeted to the master or staging branch, and
building the pull request locally when it is submitted can trigger many
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source builds.
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</para>
<para>
It is possible to rebase the changes on nixos-unstable or
nixpkgs-unstable for easier review by running the following commands
from a nixpkgs clone.
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<screen>
$ git remote add channels https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs-channels.git <co
xml:id='reviewing-rebase-1' />
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$ git fetch channels nixos-unstable <co xml:id='reviewing-rebase-2' />
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$ git fetch origin pull/PRNUMBER/head <co xml:id='reviewing-rebase-3' />
$ git rebase --onto nixos-unstable BASEBRANCH FETCH_HEAD <co
xml:id='reviewing-rebase-4' />
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</screen>
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<calloutlist>
<callout arearefs='reviewing-rebase-1'>
<para>
This should be done only once to be able to fetch channel branches
from the nixpkgs-channels repository.
</para>
</callout>
<callout arearefs='reviewing-rebase-2'>
<para>
Fetching the nixos-unstable branch.
</para>
</callout>
<callout arearefs='reviewing-rebase-3'>
<para>
Fetching the pull request changes, <varname>PRNUMBER</varname> is the
number at the end of the pull request title and
<varname>BASEBRANCH</varname> the base branch of the pull request.
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</para>
</callout>
<callout arearefs='reviewing-rebase-4'>
<para>
Rebasing the pull request changes to the nixos-unstable branch.
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</para>
</callout>
</calloutlist>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
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The
<link xlink:href="https://github.com/Mic92/nix-review">nix-review</link>
tool can be used to review a pull request content in a single command.
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<varname>PRNUMBER</varname> should be replaced by the number at the end
of the pull request title. You can also provide the full github pull
request url.
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</para>
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<screen>
$ nix-shell -p nix-review --run "nix-review pr PRNUMBER"
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</screen>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Running every binary.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
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<example xml:id="reviewing-contributions-sample-package-update">
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<title>Sample template for a package update review</title>
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<screen>
##### Reviewed points
- [ ] package name fits guidelines
- [ ] package version fits guidelines
- [ ] package build on ARCHITECTURE
- [ ] executables tested on ARCHITECTURE
- [ ] all depending packages build
##### Possible improvements
##### Comments
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</screen>
</example>
</section>
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<section xml:id="reviewing-contributions-new-packages">
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<title>New packages</title>
<para>
New packages are a common type of pull requests. These pull requests
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consists in adding a new nix-expression for a package.
</para>
<para>
Reviewing process:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add labels to the pull request. (Requires commit rights)
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</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
<para>
<literal>8.has: package (new)</literal> and any topic label that fit the
new package.
</para>
</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Ensure that the package versioning is fitting the guidelines.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Ensure that the commit name is fitting the guidelines.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Ensure that the meta field contains correct information.
</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
<para>
License must be checked to be fitting upstream license.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Platforms should be set or the package will not get binary substitutes.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
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A maintainer must be set. This can be the package submitter or a
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community member that accepts to take maintainership of the package.
</para>
</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Ensure that the code contains no typos.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Ensure the package source.
</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
<para>
Mirrors urls should be used when available.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The most appropriate function should be used (e.g. packages from GitHub
should use <literal>fetchFromGitHub</literal>).
</para>
</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Building the package locally.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Running every binary.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
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<example xml:id="reviewing-contributions-sample-new-package">
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<title>Sample template for a new package review</title>
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<screen>
##### Reviewed points
- [ ] package path fits guidelines
- [ ] package name fits guidelines
- [ ] package version fits guidelines
- [ ] package build on ARCHITECTURE
- [ ] executables tested on ARCHITECTURE
- [ ] `meta.description` is set and fits guidelines
- [ ] `meta.license` fits upstream license
- [ ] `meta.platforms` is set
- [ ] `meta.maintainers` is set
- [ ] build time only dependencies are declared in `nativeBuildInputs`
- [ ] source is fetched using the appropriate function
- [ ] phases are respected
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- [ ] patches that are remotely available are fetched with `fetchpatch`
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##### Possible improvements
##### Comments
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</screen>
</example>
</section>
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<section xml:id="reviewing-contributions-module-updates">
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<title>Module updates</title>
<para>
Module updates are submissions changing modules in some ways. These often
contains changes to the options or introduce new options.
</para>
<para>
Reviewing process
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add labels to the pull request. (Requires commit rights)
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</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
<para>
<literal>8.has: module (update)</literal> and any topic label that fit
the module.
</para>
</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Ensure that the module maintainers are notified.
</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
<para>
<link xlink:href="https://help.github.com/articles/about-codeowners/">CODEOWNERS</link>
will make GitHub notify users based on the submitted changes, but it can
happen that it misses some of the package maintainers.
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</para>
</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Ensure that the module tests, if any, are succeeding.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Ensure that the introduced options are correct.
</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
<para>
Type should be appropriate (string related types differs in their
merging capabilities, <literal>optionSet</literal> and
<literal>string</literal> types are deprecated).
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Description, default and example should be provided.
</para>
</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Ensure that option changes are backward compatible.
</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
<para>
<literal>mkRenamedOptionModule</literal> and
<literal>mkAliasOptionModule</literal> functions provide way to make
option changes backward compatible.
</para>
</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Ensure that removed options are declared with
<literal>mkRemovedOptionModule</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Ensure that changes that are not backward compatible are mentioned in
release notes.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Ensure that documentations affected by the change is updated.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
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<example xml:id="reviewing-contributions-sample-module-update">
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<title>Sample template for a module update review</title>
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<screen>
##### Reviewed points
- [ ] changes are backward compatible
- [ ] removed options are declared with `mkRemovedOptionModule`
- [ ] changes that are not backward compatible are documented in release notes
- [ ] module tests succeed on ARCHITECTURE
- [ ] options types are appropriate
- [ ] options description is set
- [ ] options example is provided
- [ ] documentation affected by the changes is updated
##### Possible improvements
##### Comments
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</screen>
</example>
</section>
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<section xml:id="reviewing-contributions-new-modules">
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<title>New modules</title>
<para>
New modules submissions introduce a new module to NixOS.
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add labels to the pull request. (Requires commit rights)
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</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
<para>
<literal>8.has: module (new)</literal> and any topic label that fit the
module.
</para>
</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Ensure that the module tests, if any, are succeeding.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Ensure that the introduced options are correct.
</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
<para>
Type should be appropriate (string related types differs in their
merging capabilities, <literal>optionSet</literal> and
<literal>string</literal> types are deprecated).
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Description, default and example should be provided.
</para>
</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Ensure that module <literal>meta</literal> field is present
</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
<para>
Maintainers should be declared in <literal>meta.maintainers</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Module documentation should be declared with
<literal>meta.doc</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Ensure that the module respect other modules functionality.
</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
<para>
For example, enabling a module should not open firewall ports by
default.
</para>
</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
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<example xml:id="reviewing-contributions-sample-new-module">
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<title>Sample template for a new module review</title>
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<screen>
##### Reviewed points
- [ ] module path fits the guidelines
- [ ] module tests succeed on ARCHITECTURE
- [ ] options have appropriate types
- [ ] options have default
- [ ] options have example
- [ ] options have descriptions
- [ ] No unneeded package is added to environment.systemPackages
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- [ ] meta.maintainers is set
- [ ] module documentation is declared in meta.doc
##### Possible improvements
##### Comments
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</screen>
</example>
</section>
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<section xml:id="reviewing-contributions-other-submissions">
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<title>Other submissions</title>
<para>
Other type of submissions requires different reviewing steps.
</para>
<para>
If you consider having enough knowledge and experience in a topic and would
like to be a long-term reviewer for related submissions, please contact the
current reviewers for that topic. They will give you information about the
reviewing process. The main reviewers for a topic can be hard to find as
there is no list, but checking past pull requests to see who reviewed or
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git-blaming the code to see who committed to that topic can give some hints.
</para>
<para>
Container system, boot system and library changes are some examples of the
pull requests fitting this category.
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</para>
</section>
<section xml:id="reviewing-contributions--merging-pull-requests">
<title>Merging pull requests</title>
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<para>
It is possible for community members that have enough knowledge and
experience on a special topic to contribute by merging pull requests.
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</para>
<para>
TODO: add the procedure to request merging rights.
</para>
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<!--
The following paragraph about how to deal with unactive contributors is just a
proposition and should be modified to what the community agrees to be the right
policy.
<para>Please note that contributors with commit rights unactive for more than
three months will have their commit rights revoked.</para>
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-->
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<para>
In a case a contributor definitively leaves the Nix community, they should
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create an issue or post on
<link
xlink:href="https://discourse.nixos.org">Discourse</link> with
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references of packages and modules they maintain so the maintainership can
be taken over by other contributors.
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</para>
</section>
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</chapter>