forked from mirrors/nixpkgs
99864c4a79
Changed extraUsers -> users and one case of extraGroups -> groups in nixos manual chapter 7. According to chatter on IRC these are the proper names for these configuration options nowadays. Modified based on feedback from Jörg Talheim.
101 lines
3.6 KiB
XML
101 lines
3.6 KiB
XML
<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
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xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
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xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
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version="5.0"
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xml:id="sec-user-management">
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<title>User Management</title>
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<para>NixOS supports both declarative and imperative styles of user
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management. In the declarative style, users are specified in
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<filename>configuration.nix</filename>. For instance, the following
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states that a user account named <literal>alice</literal> shall exist:
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<programlisting>
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users.users.alice =
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{ isNormalUser = true;
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home = "/home/alice";
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description = "Alice Foobar";
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extraGroups = [ "wheel" "networkmanager" ];
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openssh.authorizedKeys.keys = [ "ssh-dss AAAAB3Nza... alice@foobar" ];
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};
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</programlisting>
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Note that <literal>alice</literal> is a member of the
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<literal>wheel</literal> and <literal>networkmanager</literal> groups,
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which allows her to use <command>sudo</command> to execute commands as
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<literal>root</literal> and to configure the network, respectively.
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Also note the SSH public key that allows remote logins with the
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corresponding private key. Users created in this way do not have a
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password by default, so they cannot log in via mechanisms that require
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a password. However, you can use the <command>passwd</command> program
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to set a password, which is retained across invocations of
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<command>nixos-rebuild</command>.</para>
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<para>If you set users.mutableUsers to false, then the contents of /etc/passwd
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and /etc/group will be congruent to your NixOS configuration. For instance,
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if you remove a user from users.users and run nixos-rebuild, the user
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account will cease to exist. Also, imperative commands for managing users
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and groups, such as useradd, are no longer available. Passwords may still be
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assigned by setting the user's <literal>hashedPassword</literal> option. A
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hashed password can be generated using <command>mkpasswd -m sha-512</command>
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after installing the <literal>mkpasswd</literal> package.</para>
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<para>A user ID (uid) is assigned automatically. You can also specify
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a uid manually by adding
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<programlisting>
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uid = 1000;
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</programlisting>
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to the user specification.</para>
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<para>Groups can be specified similarly. The following states that a
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group named <literal>students</literal> shall exist:
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<programlisting>
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users.groups.students.gid = 1000;
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</programlisting>
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As with users, the group ID (gid) is optional and will be assigned
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automatically if it’s missing.</para>
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<para>In the imperative style, users and groups are managed by
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commands such as <command>useradd</command>,
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<command>groupmod</command> and so on. For instance, to create a user
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account named <literal>alice</literal>:
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<screen>
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# useradd -m alice</screen>
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To make all nix tools available to this new user use `su - USER` which
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opens a login shell (==shell that loads the profile) for given user.
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This will create the ~/.nix-defexpr symlink. So run:
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<screen>
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# su - alice -c "true"</screen>
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The flag <option>-m</option> causes the creation of a home directory
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for the new user, which is generally what you want. The user does not
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have an initial password and therefore cannot log in. A password can
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be set using the <command>passwd</command> utility:
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<screen>
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# passwd alice
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Enter new UNIX password: ***
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Retype new UNIX password: ***
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</screen>
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A user can be deleted using <command>userdel</command>:
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<screen>
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# userdel -r alice</screen>
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The flag <option>-r</option> deletes the user’s home directory.
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Accounts can be modified using <command>usermod</command>. Unix
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groups can be managed using <command>groupadd</command>,
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<command>groupmod</command> and <command>groupdel</command>.</para>
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</chapter>
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