forked from mirrors/nixpkgs
Merge pull request #47697 from samueldr/fix/47602-new-partitioning-steps
Manual: reviews partitioning steps
This commit is contained in:
Graham Christensen
GitHub
commit
a8878f4aef
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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ all: manual-combined.xml format
|
|||
.PHONY: debug
|
||||
debug: generated manual-combined.xml
|
||||
|
||||
manual-combined.xml: generated *.xml
|
||||
manual-combined.xml: generated *.xml **/*.xml
|
||||
rm -f ./manual-combined.xml
|
||||
nix-shell --packages xmloscopy \
|
||||
--run "xmloscopy --docbook5 ./manual.xml ./manual-combined.xml"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -9,13 +9,12 @@
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|||
For systems without CD drive, the NixOS live CD can be booted from a USB
|
||||
stick. You can use the <command>dd</command> utility to write the image:
|
||||
<command>dd if=<replaceable>path-to-image</replaceable>
|
||||
of=<replaceable>/dev/sdb</replaceable></command>. Be careful about specifying
|
||||
of=<replaceable>/dev/sdX</replaceable></command>. Be careful about specifying
|
||||
the correct drive; you can use the <command>lsblk</command> command to get a
|
||||
list of block devices.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
On macOS:
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
<title>On macOS</title>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
<programlisting>
|
||||
$ diskutil list
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||||
[..]
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||||
|
|
@ -26,43 +25,16 @@ $ diskutil unmountDisk diskN
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Unmount of all volumes on diskN was successful
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$ sudo dd bs=1m if=nix.iso of=/dev/rdiskN
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</programlisting>
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||||
Using the 'raw' <command>rdiskN</command> device instead of
|
||||
<command>diskN</command> completes in minutes instead of hours. After
|
||||
<command>dd</command> completes, a GUI dialog "The disk you inserted was not
|
||||
readable by this computer" will pop up, which can be ignored.
|
||||
Using the 'raw' <command>rdiskN</command> device instead of
|
||||
<command>diskN</command> completes in minutes instead of hours. After
|
||||
<command>dd</command> completes, a GUI dialog "The disk you inserted was
|
||||
not readable by this computer" will pop up, which can be ignored.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
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||||
The <command>dd</command> utility will write the image verbatim to the drive,
|
||||
making it the recommended option for both UEFI and non-UEFI installations.
|
||||
For non-UEFI installations, you can alternatively use
|
||||
<link xlink:href="http://unetbootin.sourceforge.net/">unetbootin</link>. If
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||||
you cannot use <command>dd</command> for a UEFI installation, you can also
|
||||
mount the ISO, copy its contents verbatim to your drive, then either:
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||||
<itemizedlist>
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||||
<listitem>
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||||
<para>
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||||
Change the label of the disk partition to the label of the ISO (visible
|
||||
with the blkid command), or
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||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
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<listitem>
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||||
<para>
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||||
Edit <filename>loader/entries/nixos-livecd.conf</filename> on the drive
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||||
and change the <literal>root=</literal> field in the
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<literal>options</literal> line to point to your drive (see the
|
||||
documentation on <literal>root=</literal> in
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<link xlink:href="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt">
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||||
the kernel documentation</link> for more details).
|
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</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
If you want to load the contents of the ISO to ram after bootin (So you
|
||||
can remove the stick after bootup) you can append the parameter
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<literal>copytoram</literal> to the <literal>options</literal> field.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
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||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
</para>
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||||
</section>
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||||
|
|
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|||
|
|
@ -4,60 +4,46 @@
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version="5.0"
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||||
xml:id="sec-installation">
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||||
<title>Installing NixOS</title>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
NixOS can be installed on BIOS or UEFI systems. The procedure for a UEFI
|
||||
installation is by and large the same as a BIOS installation. The differences
|
||||
are mentioned in the steps that follow.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
<orderedlist>
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||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Boot from the CD.
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||||
</para>
|
||||
<variablelist>
|
||||
<varlistentry>
|
||||
<term>
|
||||
UEFI systems
|
||||
</term>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
You should boot the live CD in UEFI mode (consult your specific
|
||||
hardware's documentation for instructions). You may find the
|
||||
<link xlink:href="http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind">rEFInd boot
|
||||
manager</link> useful.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</varlistentry>
|
||||
</variablelist>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
The CD contains a basic NixOS installation. (It also contains Memtest86+,
|
||||
useful if you want to test new hardware). When it’s finished booting, it
|
||||
should have detected most of your hardware.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
The NixOS manual is available on virtual console 8 (press Alt+F8 to access)
|
||||
or by running <command>nixos-help</command>.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
You get logged in as <literal>root</literal> (with empty password).
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
If you downloaded the graphical ISO image, you can run <command>systemctl
|
||||
start display-manager</command> to start KDE. If you want to continue on
|
||||
the terminal, you can use <command>loadkeys</command> to switch to your
|
||||
preferred keyboard layout. (We even provide neo2 via <command>loadkeys de
|
||||
neo</command>!)
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<section xml:id="sec-installation-booting">
|
||||
<title>Booting the system</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
NixOS can be installed on BIOS or UEFI systems. The procedure for a UEFI
|
||||
installation is by and large the same as a BIOS installation. The
|
||||
differences are mentioned in the steps that follow.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
The installation media can be burned to a CD, or now more commonly, "burned"
|
||||
to a USB drive (see <xref linkend="sec-booting-from-usb"/>).
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
The installation media contains a basic NixOS installation. When it’s
|
||||
finished booting, it should have detected most of your hardware.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
The NixOS manual is available on virtual console 8 (press Alt+F8 to access)
|
||||
or by running <command>nixos-help</command>.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
You are logged-in automatically as <literal>root</literal>. (The
|
||||
<literal>root</literal> user account has an empty password.)
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
If you downloaded the graphical ISO image, you can run <command>systemctl
|
||||
start display-manager</command> to start KDE. If you want to continue on the
|
||||
terminal, you can use <command>loadkeys</command> to switch to your
|
||||
preferred keyboard layout. (We even provide neo2 via <command>loadkeys de
|
||||
neo</command>!)
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<section xml:id="sec-installation-booting-networking">
|
||||
<title>Networking in the installer</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
The boot process should have brought up networking (check <command>ip
|
||||
a</command>). Networking is necessary for the installer, since it will
|
||||
|
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@ -65,58 +51,165 @@
|
|||
binaries). It’s best if you have a DHCP server on your network. Otherwise
|
||||
configure networking manually using <command>ifconfig</command>.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
To manually configure the network on the graphical installer, first disable
|
||||
network-manager with <command>systemctl stop network-manager</command>.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
To manually configure the wifi on the minimal installer, run
|
||||
<command>wpa_supplicant -B -i interface -c <(wpa_passphrase 'SSID'
|
||||
'key')</command>.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
If you would like to continue the installation from a different machine you
|
||||
need to activate the SSH daemon via <literal>systemctl start
|
||||
sshd</literal>. In order to be able to login you also need to set a
|
||||
password for <literal>root</literal> using <literal>passwd</literal>.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
<section xml:id="sec-installation-partitioning">
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||||
<title>Partitioning and formatting</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
The NixOS installer doesn’t do any partitioning or formatting, so you need
|
||||
to do that yourself.
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||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
The NixOS installer ships with multiple partitioning tools. The examples
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||||
below use <command>parted</command>, but also provides
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<command>fdisk</command>, <command>gdisk</command>,
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||||
<command>cfdisk</command>, and <command>cgdisk</command>.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
The recommended partition scheme differs depending if the computer uses
|
||||
<emphasis>Legacy Boot</emphasis> or <emphasis>UEFI</emphasis>.
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||||
</para>
|
||||
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<section xml:id="sec-installation-partitioning-UEFI">
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<title>UEFI (GPT)</title>
|
||||
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<para>
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The NixOS installer doesn’t do any partitioning or formatting yet, so you
|
||||
need to do that yourself. Use the following commands:
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||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
Here's an example partition scheme for UEFI, using
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||||
<filename>/dev/sda</filename> as the device.
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
You can safely ignore <command>parted</command>'s informational message
|
||||
about needing to update /etc/fstab.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
<orderedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
For partitioning: <command>fdisk</command>.
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||||
<screen>
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||||
# fdisk /dev/sda # <lineannotation>(or whatever device you want to install on)</lineannotation>
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||||
-- for UEFI systems only
|
||||
> n # <lineannotation>(create a new partition for /boot)</lineannotation>
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||||
> 3 # <lineannotation>(make it a partition number 3)</lineannotation>
|
||||
> # <lineannotation>(press enter to accept the default)</lineannotation>
|
||||
> +512M # <lineannotation>(the size of the UEFI boot partition)</lineannotation>
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||||
> t # <lineannotation>(change the partition type ...)</lineannotation>
|
||||
> 3 # <lineannotation>(... of the boot partition ...)</lineannotation>
|
||||
> 1 # <lineannotation>(... to 'UEFI System')</lineannotation>
|
||||
-- for BIOS or UEFI systems
|
||||
> n # <lineannotation>(create a new partition for /swap)</lineannotation>
|
||||
> 2 # <lineannotation>(make it a partition number 2)</lineannotation>
|
||||
> # <lineannotation>(press enter to accept the default)</lineannotation>
|
||||
> +8G # <lineannotation>(the size of the swap partition, set to whatever you like)</lineannotation>
|
||||
> n # <lineannotation>(create a new partition for /)</lineannotation>
|
||||
> 1 # <lineannotation>(make it a partition number 1)</lineannotation>
|
||||
> # <lineannotation>(press enter to accept the default)</lineannotation>
|
||||
> # <lineannotation>(press enter to accept the default and use the rest of the remaining space)</lineannotation>
|
||||
> a # <lineannotation>(make the partition bootable)</lineannotation>
|
||||
> x # <lineannotation>(enter expert mode)</lineannotation>
|
||||
> f # <lineannotation>(fix up the partition ordering)</lineannotation>
|
||||
> r # <lineannotation>(exit expert mode)</lineannotation>
|
||||
> w # <lineannotation>(write the partition table to disk and exit)</lineannotation></screen>
|
||||
Create a <emphasis>GPT</emphasis> partition table.
|
||||
<screen language="commands"># parted /dev/sda -- mklabel gpt</screen>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Add a <emphasis>swap</emphasis> partition. The size required will vary
|
||||
according to needs, here a 8GiB one is created. The space left in front
|
||||
(512MiB) will be used by the boot partition.
|
||||
<screen language="commands"># parted /dev/sda -- mkpart primary linux-swap 512MiB 8.5GiB</screen>
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
The swap partition size rules are no different than for other Linux
|
||||
distributions.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Next, add the <emphasis>root</emphasis> partition. This will fill the
|
||||
remainder ending part of the disk.
|
||||
<screen language="commands"># parted /dev/sda -- mkpart primary 8.5GiB -1MiB</screen>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Finally, the <emphasis>boot</emphasis> partition. NixOS by default uses
|
||||
the ESP (EFI system partition) as its <emphasis>/boot</emphasis>
|
||||
partition. It uses the initially reserved 512MiB at the start of the
|
||||
disk.
|
||||
<screen language="commands"># parted /dev/sda -- mkpart ESP fat32 1M 512MiB
|
||||
# parted /dev/sda -- set 3 boot on</screen>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</orderedlist>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Once complete, you can follow with
|
||||
<xref linkend="sec-installation-partitioning-formatting"/>.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
|
||||
<section xml:id="sec-installation-partitioning-MBR">
|
||||
<title>Legacy Boot (MBR)</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Here's an example partition scheme for Legacy Boot, using
|
||||
<filename>/dev/sda</filename> as the device.
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
You can safely ignore <command>parted</command>'s informational message
|
||||
about needing to update /etc/fstab.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
<orderedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Create a <emphasis>MBR</emphasis> partition table.
|
||||
<screen language="commands"># parted /dev/sda -- mklabel msdos</screen>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Add a <emphasis>swap</emphasis> partition. The size required will vary
|
||||
according to needs, here a 8GiB one is created.
|
||||
<screen language="commands"># parted /dev/sda -- mkpart primary linux-swap 1M 8GiB</screen>
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
The swap partition size rules are no different than for other Linux
|
||||
distributions.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Finally, add the <emphasis>root</emphasis> partition. This will fill the
|
||||
remainder of the disk.
|
||||
<screen language="commands"># parted /dev/sda -- mkpart primary 8GiB -1s</screen>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</orderedlist>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Once complete, you can follow with
|
||||
<xref linkend="sec-installation-partitioning-formatting"/>.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
|
||||
<section xml:id="sec-installation-partitioning-formatting">
|
||||
<title>Formatting</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Use the following commands:
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
For initialising Ext4 partitions: <command>mkfs.ext4</command>. It is
|
||||
|
|
@ -169,242 +262,249 @@
|
|||
</listitem>
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Mount the target file system on which NixOS should be installed on
|
||||
<filename>/mnt</filename>, e.g.
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
<section xml:id="sec-installation-installing">
|
||||
<title>Installing</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<orderedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Mount the target file system on which NixOS should be installed on
|
||||
<filename>/mnt</filename>, e.g.
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
# mount /dev/disk/by-label/nixos /mnt
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<variablelist>
|
||||
<varlistentry>
|
||||
<term>
|
||||
UEFI systems
|
||||
</term>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Mount the boot file system on <filename>/mnt/boot</filename>, e.g.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<variablelist>
|
||||
<varlistentry>
|
||||
<term>
|
||||
UEFI systems
|
||||
</term>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Mount the boot file system on <filename>/mnt/boot</filename>, e.g.
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
# mkdir -p /mnt/boot
|
||||
# mount /dev/disk/by-label/boot /mnt/boot
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</varlistentry>
|
||||
</variablelist>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
If your machine has a limited amount of memory, you may want to activate
|
||||
swap devices now (<command>swapon
|
||||
<replaceable>device</replaceable></command>). The installer (or rather, the
|
||||
build actions that it may spawn) may need quite a bit of RAM, depending on
|
||||
your configuration.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</varlistentry>
|
||||
</variablelist>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
If your machine has a limited amount of memory, you may want to activate
|
||||
swap devices now (<command>swapon
|
||||
<replaceable>device</replaceable></command>). The installer (or rather,
|
||||
the build actions that it may spawn) may need quite a bit of RAM,
|
||||
depending on your configuration.
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
# swapon /dev/sda2</screen>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
You now need to create a file
|
||||
<filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename> that specifies the
|
||||
intended configuration of the system. This is because NixOS has a
|
||||
<emphasis>declarative</emphasis> configuration model: you create or edit a
|
||||
description of the desired configuration of your system, and then NixOS
|
||||
takes care of making it happen. The syntax of the NixOS configuration file
|
||||
is described in <xref linkend="sec-configuration-syntax"/>, while a list of
|
||||
available configuration options appears in
|
||||
<xref
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
You now need to create a file
|
||||
<filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename> that specifies the
|
||||
intended configuration of the system. This is because NixOS has a
|
||||
<emphasis>declarative</emphasis> configuration model: you create or edit a
|
||||
description of the desired configuration of your system, and then NixOS
|
||||
takes care of making it happen. The syntax of the NixOS configuration file
|
||||
is described in <xref linkend="sec-configuration-syntax"/>, while a list
|
||||
of available configuration options appears in
|
||||
<xref
|
||||
linkend="ch-options"/>. A minimal example is shown in
|
||||
<xref
|
||||
<xref
|
||||
linkend="ex-config"/>.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
The command <command>nixos-generate-config</command> can generate an
|
||||
initial configuration file for you:
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
The command <command>nixos-generate-config</command> can generate an
|
||||
initial configuration file for you:
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
# nixos-generate-config --root /mnt</screen>
|
||||
You should then edit <filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename>
|
||||
to suit your needs:
|
||||
You should then edit <filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename>
|
||||
to suit your needs:
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
# nano /mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
If you’re using the graphical ISO image, other editors may be available
|
||||
(such as <command>vim</command>). If you have network access, you can also
|
||||
install other editors — for instance, you can install Emacs by running
|
||||
<literal>nix-env -i emacs</literal>.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
<variablelist>
|
||||
<varlistentry>
|
||||
<term>
|
||||
BIOS systems
|
||||
</term>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
You <emphasis>must</emphasis> set the option
|
||||
<xref linkend="opt-boot.loader.grub.device"/> to specify on which disk
|
||||
the GRUB boot loader is to be installed. Without it, NixOS cannot boot.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</varlistentry>
|
||||
<varlistentry>
|
||||
<term>
|
||||
UEFI systems
|
||||
</term>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
You <emphasis>must</emphasis> set the option
|
||||
<xref linkend="opt-boot.loader.systemd-boot.enable"/> to
|
||||
<literal>true</literal>. <command>nixos-generate-config</command> should
|
||||
do this automatically for new configurations when booted in UEFI mode.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
You may want to look at the options starting with
|
||||
<option><link linkend="opt-boot.loader.efi.canTouchEfiVariables">boot.loader.efi</link></option>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<option><link linkend="opt-boot.loader.systemd-boot.enable">boot.loader.systemd</link></option>
|
||||
as well.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</varlistentry>
|
||||
</variablelist>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
If there are other operating systems running on the machine before
|
||||
installing NixOS, the <xref linkend="opt-boot.loader.grub.useOSProber"/>
|
||||
option can be set to <literal>true</literal> to automatically add them to
|
||||
the grub menu.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Another critical option is <option>fileSystems</option>, specifying the
|
||||
file systems that need to be mounted by NixOS. However, you typically
|
||||
don’t need to set it yourself, because
|
||||
<command>nixos-generate-config</command> sets it automatically in
|
||||
<filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/hardware-configuration.nix</filename> from your
|
||||
currently mounted file systems. (The configuration file
|
||||
<filename>hardware-configuration.nix</filename> is included from
|
||||
<filename>configuration.nix</filename> and will be overwritten by future
|
||||
invocations of <command>nixos-generate-config</command>; thus, you
|
||||
generally should not modify it.)
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Depending on your hardware configuration or type of file system, you may
|
||||
need to set the option <option>boot.initrd.kernelModules</option> to
|
||||
include the kernel modules that are necessary for mounting the root file
|
||||
system, otherwise the installed system will not be able to boot. (If this
|
||||
happens, boot from the CD again, mount the target file system on
|
||||
<filename>/mnt</filename>, fix
|
||||
<filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename> and rerun
|
||||
<filename>nixos-install</filename>.) In most cases,
|
||||
<command>nixos-generate-config</command> will figure out the required
|
||||
modules.
|
||||
If you’re using the graphical ISO image, other editors may be available
|
||||
(such as <command>vim</command>). If you have network access, you can also
|
||||
install other editors — for instance, you can install Emacs by running
|
||||
<literal>nix-env -i emacs</literal>.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Do the installation:
|
||||
<variablelist>
|
||||
<varlistentry>
|
||||
<term>
|
||||
BIOS systems
|
||||
</term>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
You <emphasis>must</emphasis> set the option
|
||||
<xref linkend="opt-boot.loader.grub.device"/> to specify on which disk
|
||||
the GRUB boot loader is to be installed. Without it, NixOS cannot boot.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</varlistentry>
|
||||
<varlistentry>
|
||||
<term>
|
||||
UEFI systems
|
||||
</term>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
You <emphasis>must</emphasis> set the option
|
||||
<xref linkend="opt-boot.loader.systemd-boot.enable"/> to
|
||||
<literal>true</literal>. <command>nixos-generate-config</command>
|
||||
should do this automatically for new configurations when booted in UEFI
|
||||
mode.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
You may want to look at the options starting with
|
||||
<option><link linkend="opt-boot.loader.efi.canTouchEfiVariables">boot.loader.efi</link></option>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<option><link linkend="opt-boot.loader.systemd-boot.enable">boot.loader.systemd</link></option>
|
||||
as well.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</varlistentry>
|
||||
</variablelist>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
If there are other operating systems running on the machine before
|
||||
installing NixOS, the <xref linkend="opt-boot.loader.grub.useOSProber"/>
|
||||
option can be set to <literal>true</literal> to automatically add them to
|
||||
the grub menu.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Another critical option is <option>fileSystems</option>, specifying the
|
||||
file systems that need to be mounted by NixOS. However, you typically
|
||||
don’t need to set it yourself, because
|
||||
<command>nixos-generate-config</command> sets it automatically in
|
||||
<filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/hardware-configuration.nix</filename> from your
|
||||
currently mounted file systems. (The configuration file
|
||||
<filename>hardware-configuration.nix</filename> is included from
|
||||
<filename>configuration.nix</filename> and will be overwritten by future
|
||||
invocations of <command>nixos-generate-config</command>; thus, you
|
||||
generally should not modify it.)
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Depending on your hardware configuration or type of file system, you may
|
||||
need to set the option <option>boot.initrd.kernelModules</option> to
|
||||
include the kernel modules that are necessary for mounting the root file
|
||||
system, otherwise the installed system will not be able to boot. (If this
|
||||
happens, boot from the installation media again, mount the target file
|
||||
system on <filename>/mnt</filename>, fix
|
||||
<filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename> and rerun
|
||||
<filename>nixos-install</filename>.) In most cases,
|
||||
<command>nixos-generate-config</command> will figure out the required
|
||||
modules.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Do the installation:
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
# nixos-install</screen>
|
||||
Cross fingers. If this fails due to a temporary problem (such as a network
|
||||
issue while downloading binaries from the NixOS binary cache), you can just
|
||||
re-run <command>nixos-install</command>. Otherwise, fix your
|
||||
<filename>configuration.nix</filename> and then re-run
|
||||
<command>nixos-install</command>.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
As the last step, <command>nixos-install</command> will ask you to set the
|
||||
password for the <literal>root</literal> user, e.g.
|
||||
Cross fingers. If this fails due to a temporary problem (such as a network
|
||||
issue while downloading binaries from the NixOS binary cache), you can
|
||||
just re-run <command>nixos-install</command>. Otherwise, fix your
|
||||
<filename>configuration.nix</filename> and then re-run
|
||||
<command>nixos-install</command>.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
As the last step, <command>nixos-install</command> will ask you to set the
|
||||
password for the <literal>root</literal> user, e.g.
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
setting root password...
|
||||
Enter new UNIX password: ***
|
||||
Retype new UNIX password: ***
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
For unattended installations, it is possible to use
|
||||
<command>nixos-install --no-root-passwd</command> in order to disable the
|
||||
password prompt entirely.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
If everything went well:
|
||||
Retype new UNIX password: ***</screen>
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
For unattended installations, it is possible to use
|
||||
<command>nixos-install --no-root-passwd</command> in order to disable
|
||||
the password prompt entirely.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
If everything went well:
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
# reboot</screen>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
You should now be able to boot into the installed NixOS. The GRUB boot menu
|
||||
shows a list of <emphasis>available configurations</emphasis> (initially
|
||||
just one). Every time you change the NixOS configuration (see
|
||||
<link
|
||||
# reboot</screen>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
You should now be able to boot into the installed NixOS. The GRUB boot
|
||||
menu shows a list of <emphasis>available configurations</emphasis>
|
||||
(initially just one). Every time you change the NixOS configuration (see
|
||||
<link
|
||||
linkend="sec-changing-config">Changing Configuration</link>
|
||||
), a new item is added to the menu. This allows you to easily roll back to
|
||||
a previous configuration if something goes wrong.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
You should log in and change the <literal>root</literal> password with
|
||||
<command>passwd</command>.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
You’ll probably want to create some user accounts as well, which can be
|
||||
done with <command>useradd</command>:
|
||||
), a new item is added to the menu. This allows you to easily roll back to
|
||||
a previous configuration if something goes wrong.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
You should log in and change the <literal>root</literal> password with
|
||||
<command>passwd</command>.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
You’ll probably want to create some user accounts as well, which can be
|
||||
done with <command>useradd</command>:
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
$ useradd -c 'Eelco Dolstra' -m eelco
|
||||
$ passwd eelco</screen>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
You may also want to install some software. For instance,
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
You may also want to install some software. For instance,
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
$ nix-env -qa \*</screen>
|
||||
shows what packages are available, and
|
||||
shows what packages are available, and
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
$ nix-env -i w3m</screen>
|
||||
install the <literal>w3m</literal> browser.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</orderedlist>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
To summarise, <xref linkend="ex-install-sequence" /> shows a typical sequence
|
||||
of commands for installing NixOS on an empty hard drive (here
|
||||
<filename>/dev/sda</filename>). <xref linkend="ex-config"
|
||||
install the <literal>w3m</literal> browser.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</orderedlist>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
<section xml:id="sec-installation-summary">
|
||||
<title>Installation summary</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
To summarise, <xref linkend="ex-install-sequence" /> shows a typical
|
||||
sequence of commands for installing NixOS on an empty hard drive (here
|
||||
<filename>/dev/sda</filename>). <xref linkend="ex-config"
|
||||
/> shows a
|
||||
corresponding configuration Nix expression.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
<example xml:id='ex-install-sequence'>
|
||||
<title>Commands for Installing NixOS on <filename>/dev/sda</filename></title>
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
# fdisk /dev/sda # <lineannotation>(or whatever device you want to install on)</lineannotation>
|
||||
-- for UEFI systems only
|
||||
> n # <lineannotation>(create a new partition for /boot)</lineannotation>
|
||||
> 3 # <lineannotation>(make it a partition number 3)</lineannotation>
|
||||
> # <lineannotation>(press enter to accept the default)</lineannotation>
|
||||
> +512M # <lineannotation>(the size of the UEFI boot partition)</lineannotation>
|
||||
> t # <lineannotation>(change the partition type ...)</lineannotation>
|
||||
> 3 # <lineannotation>(... of the boot partition ...)</lineannotation>
|
||||
> 1 # <lineannotation>(... to 'UEFI System')</lineannotation>
|
||||
-- for BIOS or UEFI systems
|
||||
> n # <lineannotation>(create a new partition for /swap)</lineannotation>
|
||||
> 2 # <lineannotation>(make it a partition number 2)</lineannotation>
|
||||
> # <lineannotation>(press enter to accept the default)</lineannotation>
|
||||
> +8G # <lineannotation>(the size of the swap partition)</lineannotation>
|
||||
> n # <lineannotation>(create a new partition for /)</lineannotation>
|
||||
> 1 # <lineannotation>(make it a partition number 1)</lineannotation>
|
||||
> # <lineannotation>(press enter to accept the default)</lineannotation>
|
||||
> # <lineannotation>(press enter to accept the default and use the rest of the remaining space)</lineannotation>
|
||||
> a # <lineannotation>(make the partition bootable)</lineannotation>
|
||||
> x # <lineannotation>(enter expert mode)</lineannotation>
|
||||
> f # <lineannotation>(fix up the partition ordering)</lineannotation>
|
||||
> r # <lineannotation>(exit expert mode)</lineannotation>
|
||||
> w # <lineannotation>(write the partition table to disk and exit)</lineannotation>
|
||||
corresponding configuration Nix expression.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<example xml:id="ex-partition-scheme-MBR">
|
||||
<title>Example partition schemes for NixOS on <filename>/dev/sda</filename> (MBR)</title>
|
||||
<screen language="commands">
|
||||
# parted /dev/sda -- mklabel msdos
|
||||
# parted /dev/sda -- mkpart primary linux-swap 1M 8GiB
|
||||
# parted /dev/sda -- mkpart primary 8GiB -1s</screen>
|
||||
</example>
|
||||
|
||||
<example xml:id="ex-partition-scheme-UEFI">
|
||||
<title>Example partition schemes for NixOS on <filename>/dev/sda</filename> (UEFI)</title>
|
||||
<screen language="commands">
|
||||
# parted /dev/sda -- mklabel gpt
|
||||
# parted /dev/sda -- mkpart primary linux-swap 512MiB 8.5GiB
|
||||
# parted /dev/sda -- mkpart primary 8.5GiB -1MiB
|
||||
# parted /dev/sda -- mkpart ESP fat32 1M 512MiB
|
||||
# parted /dev/sda -- set 3 boot on</screen>
|
||||
</example>
|
||||
|
||||
<example xml:id="ex-install-sequence">
|
||||
<title>Commands for Installing NixOS on <filename>/dev/sda</filename></title>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
With a partitioned disk.
|
||||
<screen language="commands">
|
||||
# mkfs.ext4 -L nixos /dev/sda1
|
||||
# mkswap -L swap /dev/sda2
|
||||
# swapon /dev/sda2
|
||||
|
|
@ -416,9 +516,11 @@ $ nix-env -i w3m</screen>
|
|||
# nano /mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix
|
||||
# nixos-install
|
||||
# reboot</screen>
|
||||
</example>
|
||||
<example xml:id='ex-config'>
|
||||
<title>NixOS Configuration</title>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</example>
|
||||
|
||||
<example xml:id='ex-config'>
|
||||
<title>NixOS Configuration</title>
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
{ config, pkgs, ... }: {
|
||||
imports = [
|
||||
|
|
@ -438,10 +540,19 @@ $ nix-env -i w3m</screen>
|
|||
services.sshd.enable = true;
|
||||
}
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
</example>
|
||||
<xi:include href="installing-usb.xml" />
|
||||
<xi:include href="installing-pxe.xml" />
|
||||
<xi:include href="installing-virtualbox-guest.xml" />
|
||||
<xi:include href="installing-from-other-distro.xml" />
|
||||
<xi:include href="installing-behind-a-proxy.xml" />
|
||||
</example>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
<section xml:id="sec-installation-additional-notes">
|
||||
<title>Additional installation notes</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<xi:include href="installing-usb.xml" />
|
||||
|
||||
<xi:include href="installing-pxe.xml" />
|
||||
|
||||
<xi:include href="installing-virtualbox-guest.xml" />
|
||||
|
||||
<xi:include href="installing-from-other-distro.xml" />
|
||||
|
||||
<xi:include href="installing-behind-a-proxy.xml" />
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
</chapter>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue