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doc/lisp: add links to sections and upstream websites
Also clean up complex paragraphs and fix section on building wrappers
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Kasper Gałkowski
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# lisp-modules {#lisp}
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This document describes the Nixpkgs infrastructure for building Common Lisp
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libraries that use ASDF (Another System Definition Facility). It lives in
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`pkgs/development/lisp-modules`.
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systems that use [ASDF](https://asdf.common-lisp.dev/) (Another System
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Definition Facility). It lives in `pkgs/development/lisp-modules`.
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## Overview {#lisp-overview}
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The main entry point of the API are the Common Lisp implementation packages
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themselves (e.g. `abcl`, `ccl`, `clasp-common-lisp`, `clisp` `ecl`,
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themselves (e.g. `abcl`, `ccl`, `clasp-common-lisp`, `clisp`, `ecl`,
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`sbcl`). They have the `pkgs` and `withPackages` attributes, which can be used
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to discover available packages and to build wrappers, respectively.
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The `pkgs` attribute set contains packages that were automatically imported from
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Quicklisp, and any other manually defined ones. Not every package works for all
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the CL implementations (e.g. `nyxt` only makes sense for `sbcl`).
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The `pkgs` attribute set contains packages that were automatically
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[imported](#lisp-importing-packages-from-quicklisp) from Quicklisp, and any
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other [manually defined](#lisp-defining-packages-inside) ones. Not every package
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works for all the CL implementations (e.g. `nyxt` only makes sense for `sbcl`).
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The `withPackages` function is of primary utility. It is used to build runnable
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wrappers, with a pinned and pre-built ASDF FASL available in the `ASDF`
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environment variable, and `CL_SOURCE_REGISTRY`/`ASDF_OUTPUT_TRANSLATIONS`
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configured to find the desired systems on runtime.
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With a few exceptions, the primary thing that the infrastructure does is to run
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`asdf:load-system` for each system specified in the `systems` argument to
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`build-asdf-system`, and save the FASLs to the Nix store. Then, it makes these
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FASLs available to wrappers. Any other use-cases, such as producing SBCL
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executables with `sb-ext:save-lisp-and-die`, are achieved via overriding the
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`buildPhase` etc.
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The `withPackages` function is of primary utility. It is used to build
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[runnable wrappers](#lisp-building-wrappers), with a pinned and pre-built
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[ASDF FASL](#lisp-loading-asdf) available in the `ASDF` environment variable,
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and `CL_SOURCE_REGISTRY`/`ASDF_OUTPUT_TRANSLATIONS` configured to
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[find the desired systems on runtime](#lisp-loading-systems).
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In addition, Lisps have the `withOverrides` function, which can be used to
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substitute any package in the scope of their `pkgs`. This will be useful
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together with `overrideLispAttrs` when dealing with slashy ASDF systems, because
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they should stay in the main package and be built by specifying the `systems`
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[substitute](#lisp-including-external-pkg-in-scope) any package in the scope of
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their `pkgs`. This will also be useful together with `overrideLispAttrs` when
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[dealing with slashy systems](#lisp-dealing-with-slashy-systems), because they
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should stay in the main package and be built by specifying the `systems`
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argument to `build-asdf-system`.
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## The 90% use case example {#lisp-use-case-example}
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@ -94,7 +90,7 @@ The maintainer's job is to:
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1. Re-run the `ql-import.lisp` script when there is a new Quicklisp release
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2. [Add any missing native dependencies](#lisp-quicklisp-adding-native-dependencies) in `ql.nix`
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3. For packages that still don't build, package them manually in `packages.nix`
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3. For packages that still don't build, [package them manually](#lisp-defining-packages-inside) in `packages.nix`
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Also, the `imported.nix` file **must not be edited manually**! It should only be
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generated as described in this section (by running `ql-import.lisp`).
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@ -139,13 +135,14 @@ During Quicklisp import:
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## Defining packages manually inside Nixpkgs {#lisp-defining-packages-inside}
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New packages, that for some reason are not in Quicklisp, and so cannot be
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auto-imported, can be written in the `packages.nix` file.
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Packages that for some reason are not in Quicklisp, and so cannot be
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auto-imported, or don't work straight from the import, are defined in the
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`packages.nix` file.
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In that file, use the `build-asdf-system` function, which is a wrapper around
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`mkDerivation` for building ASDF systems. Various other hacks are present, such
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as `build-with-compile-into-pwd` for systems which create files during
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compilation.
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compilation (such as cl-unicode).
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The `build-asdf-system` function is documented with comments in
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`nix-cl.nix`. Also, `packages.nix` is full of examples of how to use it.
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@ -203,28 +200,6 @@ sbcl.pkgs.alexandria.overrideLispAttrs (oldAttrs: rec {
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})
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```
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## Overriding packages in scope {#lisp-overriding-packages-in-scope}
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Packages can be woven into a new scope by using `withOverrides`:
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```
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let
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sbcl' = sbcl.withOverrides (self: super: {
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alexandria = super.alexandria.overrideLispAttrs (oldAttrs: rec {
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pname = "alexandria";
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version = "1.4";
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src = fetchFromGitLab {
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domain = "gitlab.common-lisp.net";
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owner = "alexandria";
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repo = "alexandria";
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rev = "v${version}";
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hash = "sha256-1Hzxt65dZvgOFIljjjlSGgKYkj+YBLwJCACi5DZsKmQ=";
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};
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});
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});
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in builtins.elemAt sbcl'.pkgs.bordeaux-threads.lispLibs 0
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```
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### Dealing with slashy systems {#lisp-dealing-with-slashy-systems}
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Slashy (secondary) systems should not exist in their own packages! Instead, they
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@ -245,8 +220,8 @@ ecl.pkgs.alexandria.overrideLispAttrs (oldAttrs: {
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})
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```
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See the respective section on using `withOverrides` for how to weave it back
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into `ecl.pkgs`.
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See the [respective section](#lisp-including-external-pkg-in-scope) on using
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`withOverrides` for how to weave it back into `ecl.pkgs`.
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Note that sometimes the slashy systems might not only have more dependencies
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than the main one, but create a circular dependency between `.asd`
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@ -258,13 +233,16 @@ Wrappers can be built using the `withPackages` function of Common Lisp
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implementations (`abcl`, `ecl`, `sbcl` etc.):
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```
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sbcl.withPackages (ps: [ ps.alexandria ps.bordeaux-threads ])
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nix-shell -p 'sbcl.withPackages (ps: [ ps.alexandria ps.bordeaux-threads ])'
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```
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Such a wrapper can then be executed like this:
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Such a wrapper can then be used like this:
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```
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result/bin/sbcl
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$ sbcl
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* (load (sb-ext:posix-getenv "ASDF"))
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* (asdf:load-system 'alexandria)
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* (asdf:load-system 'bordeaux-threads)
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```
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### Loading ASDF {#lisp-loading-asdf}
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