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Manual: Update installation section
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Eelco Dolstra
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@ -11,6 +11,15 @@ NixOS machine through the configuration file
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effect after you run <command>nixos-rebuild</command>.</para>
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<!--===============================================================-->
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<section xml:id="sec-configuration-syntax"><title>Configuration syntax</title>
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<para>TODO</para>
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</section>
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<!--===============================================================-->
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<section><title>Package management</title>
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@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ Wiki</link>.</para>
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<listitem><para>The NixOS manual is available on virtual console 8
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(press Alt+F8 to access).</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Login as <literal>root</literal>, empty
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<listitem><para>Login as <literal>root</literal> and the empty
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password.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>If you downloaded the graphical ISO image, you can
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@ -89,7 +89,13 @@ $ lvcreate --size 1G --name smalldisk MyVolGroup</screen>
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Mount the target file system on which NixOS should
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be installed on <filename>/mnt</filename>.</para></listitem>
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be installed on <filename>/mnt</filename>, e.g.
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<screen>
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$ mount /dev/disk/by-label/nixos /mnt
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</screen>
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem>
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@ -97,40 +103,56 @@ $ lvcreate --size 1G --name smalldisk MyVolGroup</screen>
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<filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename> that
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specifies the intended configuration of the system. This is
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because NixOS has a <emphasis>declarative</emphasis> configuration
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model: you create or edit a description of the configuration that
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you want to be built and activated, and then NixOS takes care of
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realising that configuration. The command
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<command>nixos-option</command> can generate an initial
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configuration file for you:
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model: you create or edit a description of the desired
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configuration of your system, and then NixOS takes care of making
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it happen. The syntax of the NixOS configuration file is
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described in <xref linkend="sec-configuration-syntax"/>, while a
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list of available configuration options appears in <xref
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linkend="ch-options"/>. A minimal example is shown in <xref
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linkend="ex-config"/>.</para>
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<para>The command <command>nixos-generate-config</command> can
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generate an initial configuration file for you:
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<screen>
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$ nixos-option --install</screen>
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$ nixos-generate-config --root /mnt</screen>
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It tries to figure out the kernel modules necessary for mounting
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the root device, as well as various other hardware
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characteristics. However, it doesn’t try to figure out the
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<option>fileSystems</option> option yet.</para>
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<para>You should edit
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You should then edit
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<filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename> to suit your
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needs. The text editors <command>nano</command> and
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<command>vim</command> are available.</para>
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needs:
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<para>You need to specify a root file system in
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<option>fileSystems</option> and the target device for the Grub boot
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loader in <option>boot.loader.grub.device</option>. See
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<xref linkend="ch-options"/> for a list of the available configuration
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options.</para>
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<screen>
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$ nano /mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix
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</screen>
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<note><para>It is very important that you specify in the option
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<option>boot.initrd.kernelModules</option> all kernel modules that
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are necessary for mounting the root file system, otherwise the
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installed system will not be able to boot. (If this happens, boot
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from the CD again, mount the target file system on
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The <command>vim</command> text editor is also available.</para>
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<para>You <emphasis>must</emphasis> set the option
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<option>boot.loader.grub.device</option> to specify on which disk
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the GRUB boot loader is to be installed. Without it, NixOS cannot
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boot.</para>
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<para>Another critical option is <option>fileSystems</option>,
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specifying the file systems that need to be mounted by NixOS.
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However, you typically don’t need to set it yourself, because
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<command>nixos-generate-config</command> sets it automatically in
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<filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/hardware-configuration.nix</filename>
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from your currently mounted file systems. (The configuration file
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<filename>hardware-configuration.nix</filename> is included from
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<filename>configuration.nix</filename> and will be overwritten by
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future invocations of <command>nixos-generate-config</command>;
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thus, you generally should not modify it.)</para>
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<note><para>Depending on your hardware configuration or type of
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file system, you may need to set the option
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<option>boot.initrd.kernelModules</option> to include the kernel
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modules that are necessary for mounting the root file system,
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otherwise the installed system will not be able to boot. (If this
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happens, boot from the CD again, mount the target file system on
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<filename>/mnt</filename>, fix
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<filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename> and rerun
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<filename>nixos-install</filename>.) In most cases,
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<command>nixos-option --install</command> will figure out the
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<command>nixos-generate-config</command> will figure out the
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required modules.</para></note>
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<para>Examples of real-world NixOS configuration files can be
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@ -218,7 +240,7 @@ $ fdisk /dev/sda <lineannotation>(or whatever device you want to install on)</li
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$ mkfs.ext4 -L nixos /dev/sda1 <lineannotation>(idem)</lineannotation>
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$ mkswap -L swap /dev/sda2 <lineannotation>(idem)</lineannotation>
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$ mount LABEL=nixos /mnt
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$ nixos-option --install
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$ nixos-generate-config
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$ nano /mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix
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<lineannotation>(in particular, set the fileSystems and swapDevices options)</lineannotation>
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$ nixos-install
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@ -228,8 +250,16 @@ $ reboot</screen>
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<example xml:id='ex-config'><title>NixOS configuration</title>
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<screen>
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{
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imports =
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[ # Include the results of the hardware scan.
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./hardware-configuration.nix
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];
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boot.loader.grub.device = "/dev/sda";
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# Note: setting fileSystems and swapDevices is generally not
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# necessary, since nixos-generate-config has set them automatically
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# in hardware-configuration.nix.
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fileSystems."/".device = "/dev/disk/by-label/nixos";
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swapDevices =
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@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
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xlink:href="irc://irc.freenode.net/#nixos">
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<literal>#nixos</literal> channel on Freenode</link>. Bugs should
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be reported in <link
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xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixos/issues">NixOS’ GitHub
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xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues">NixOS’ GitHub
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issue tracker</link>.</para>
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</preface>
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@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
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<xi:include href="troubleshooting.xml" />
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<xi:include href="development.xml" />
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<chapter xml:id="ch-options">
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<title>List of Options</title>
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<title>List of options</title>
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<xi:include href="options-db.xml" />
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</chapter>
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